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Enhancing Social Competence and the Child–Teacher Relationship using a Child-Centred Play Training Model in Hong Kong Preschools

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a child-centred play training model, filial play therapy, enhances child–teacher relationship and thereby reduces children’s internalising problems (such as anxiety/depression and withdrawal) and externalising problems (such as aggressive and destructive behaviour). Sixty teachers (n = 60) and 60 children (n = 60) in six kindergartens were invited to participate in the study. In Phase One, 30 of these teachers (n = 30) were randomly assigned a child with either internalising problems or externalising problems. A 10-week Child-Centred play training model was used to reduce the children’s problems and promote the quality of the child–teacher relationship. The other 30 teachers and 30 children with either internalising problems or externalising problems were placed in the control group. In Phase Two, the teachers and children in the control group received the same 10-week play training. It was found that child–teacher relationship was enhanced through an increase in communication of acceptance, that is, allowing the child to lead and becoming involved in play with the child. Children’s internalising and externalising problems—especially aggressive behaviour—were reduced after ten sessions of child-centred play.

Résumé

L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner si un modèle de formation au jeu centré sur l’enfant, la thérapie par le jeu filial, favorise l’interaction entre l’enfant et l’enseignant et réduit ainsi les problèmes internalisés (comme l’anxiété, la dépression et le retrait) et les problèmes externalisés (comme les comportements agressifs et destructeurs) chez les enfants. Soixante enseignants (n = 60) et soixante enfants (n = 60) de maternelles différentes ont été invités à participer à l’étude. Dans la phase un, trente de ces enseignants ont pris en charge au hasard un enfant ayant des problèmes internalisés ou des problèmes externalisés. Pour réduire les problèmes des enfants et améliorer la qualité de la relation enfant enseignant, le modèle de thérapie par le jeu filial a été utilisé pendant dix semaines. Les trente autres professeurs et enfants ayant des problèmes internalisés ou des problèmes externalisés formaient le groupe de contrôle. Dans la phase deux, les enseignants et les enfants du groupe de contrôle ont reçu les mêmes 10 semaines de formation de jeu filial. Les résultats indiquent que l’interaction enfant enseignant a été améliorée grâce à un accroissement de la communication de l’acceptation, c’est-à-dire permettre à l’enfant de mener et d’être engagé dans le jeu avec l’enfant. Les problèmes internalisés et externalisés, particulièrement le comportement agressif, ont été réduits après10 sessions de jeu centré sur l’enfant.

Resumen

El propósito de este estudio fue examinar si un modelo de entrenamiento de juego centrado en el niño, la terapia de juego filial, mejora la interacción niño-maestro y por lo tanto reduce los problemas internos de los niños (como la ansiedad/depresión y alejamiento social) y problemas externos (como comportamientos agresivo y destructivos). Se invitó a sesenta profesores (n = 60) y sesenta niños (n = 60) en seis jardines infantiles para participar en el estudio. En la Fase Uno, treinta de estos docentes (n = 30) fueron asignados al azar a un niño, ya sea con problemas internos o externos. Un modelo de entrenamiento de juego filial de 10 semanas se utilizó para reducir los problemas de los niños/as y promover la calidad de la relación niño/a-maestro. Los otros treinta docentes y treinta niños/as, ya sea con problemas internos o externos fueron colocados en el grupo control. En la Fase Dos, los maestros y los niños y niñas del grupo de control recibieron el mismo período de 10 semanas de entrenamiento de juego centrado en el niño. Se encontró que la interacción niño-maestro había mejorado a través de un aumento en la comunicación de aceptación, es decir, permitiendo que el niño guíe y participando activamenten en el juego con el niño. La internalización y externalización de los problemas de los niños se redujeron después de 10 de estas sesiones, especialmente su comportamiento agresivo.

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Leung, Ch. Enhancing Social Competence and the Child–Teacher Relationship using a Child-Centred Play Training Model in Hong Kong Preschools. IJEC 47, 135–152 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-014-0117-6

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