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Racial Awareness and the Politics in Play: Preschoolers and Racially Diverse Dolls in a US Classroom

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Abstract

The development of racial awareness begins in infancy, continues throughout early childhood, and can shape play behaviors. The present study is a case study in a US pre-kindergarten classroom. The study aimed to examine the ways in which ideas about race and gender manifested within doll play. Participants included two 4-year-old Black girls, their peers, and teachers. The methodology included one researcher observing, taking field notes, conducting informal on-the-spot interviews, and using audio and video recordings as the children played in the dramatic play center with racially diverse dolls and salon props. Data processing included transcribing field notes and recordings and then summarizing these transcriptions. Data synthesis identified broad codes for overall interpretation. Findings revealed that the girls behaved in ways and made choices that displayed their awareness of race and societal ideas about race by how non-Black dolls had privileged status and awarded the child in possession of these dolls privilege. The present study provides more information about the ways in which young children are understanding and grappling with ideas about race. Early childhood educators armed with this knowledge should anticipate gendered and racialized play by their students and should be ready to intervene and utilize such play as teachable moments to counter misinformation about the value of certain groups.

Résumé

Le développement de la conscience raciale commence dès la prime enfance, se poursuit tout au long de la jeune enfance et peut façonner les comportements de jeu. La présente étude rapporte les données d’une étude de cas effectuée dans une classe de maternelle 4 ans aux États-Unis. L’étude examine comment les idées sur la race et le genre se manifestent dans un jeu de poupées. Les participants sont deux fillettes noires âgées de 4 ans, leurs camarades et les enseignants. La chercheure a fait des observations, a pris des notes de terrain et a réalisé des enregistrements audio et vidéo pendant que les enfants jouaient dans le centre de jeux dramatiques avec des poupées et des accessoires de salon de différentes races. Le traitement des données comprend la transcription des notes de terrain et des enregistrements, puis le résumé de ces transcriptions. La synthèse des données identifie des codes généraux pour une interprétation globale. Les filles manifestent une conscience de la race et des idées sociétales sur la race. Les poupées non noires ont un statut privilégié et confèrent un privilège à l’enfant en possession de ces poupées. La présente étude fournit des informations sur la manière dont les jeunes enfants comprennent et se débattent avec des idées sur la race. Armés de ces connaissances, les éducateurs de la petite enfance devraient anticiper le jeu genré et racisé chez leurs élèves et être prêts à intervenir et utiliser un tel jeu comme moments d’enseignement pour contrer la désinformation sur la valorisation de certains groupes.

Resumen

El desarrollo de conciencia racial tiene sus inicios en la primera infancia, continúa durante la educación preescolar y puede moldear comportamientos durante el juego. La presente investigación discute información de un estudio de casos que se llevó a cabo en un salón de clase de pre kinder en los Estados Unidos. El estudio examina cómo las ideas sobre raza y género se manifiestan durante el juego con muñecas. Los participantes fueron dos niñas afroamericanas de cuatro años, sus compañeros de clase y profesores. El investigador observó y tomó notas, así como grabaciones de audio y video mientras los niños jugaban en el centro de juego dramático con muñecas de diversas razas y otros elementos. La información se procesó mediante transcripción de notas de campo y grabaciones y posterior resumen de las transcripciones. La síntesis de la información identifico códigos amplios de interpretación general. Las niñas mostraron ser conscientes de ideas sociales y de raza. Las muñecas no afroamericanas tenían un estado privilegiado y le brindaban privilegios al niño que jugaba con ellas. El presente estudio brinda información sobre la forma en que los niños pequeños comprenden e interpretan ideas sobre la raza. Armados con este conocimiento, los educadores de preescolar deben anticipar el juego de género y racial de sus estudiantes y estar listos a intervenir y utilizar dicho juego como una oportunidad de enseñanza para contrarrestar información errada sobre el valor de ciertos grupos.

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Sturdivant, T.D. Racial Awareness and the Politics in Play: Preschoolers and Racially Diverse Dolls in a US Classroom. IJEC 53, 139–157 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-021-00289-5

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