Abstract
Extrapelvic endometriosis is a rare presentation of endometriosis with atypical clinical symptoms. It can mimic peritoneal surface malignancy, as well as some abdominal infectious diseases. A 29-year-old Moroccan woman presented with abdominal pain, progressive abdominal distention, and an intermittent inflammatory syndrome. Imaging revealed multiple, progressively growing abdominal cysts. She had elevated tumor markers CA125 and CA19.9. Despite thorough investigation, several differential diagnoses persisted for a long time. Definitive pathological diagnosis could only be established after debulking surgery. Literature review on malignant and benign conditions causing multicystic abdominal distention is provided. When definitive diagnosis is not established, but suspicion for peritoneal malignancy remains, a debulking procedure can be undertaken. Organ preservation can be pursued whenever benign disease is still considered. In case of malignancy, short-term (curative) debulking procedure with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dunselman GAJ, Vermeulen N, Becker C et al (2014) ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 29:400–412. https://doi.org/10.1093/HUMREP/DET457
Andres MP, Arcoverde FVL, Souza CCC et al (2020) Extrapelvic endometriosis: a systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 27:373–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2019.10.004
Matalliotakis M, Goulielmos GN, Kalogiannidis I et al (2017) Extra pelvic endometriosis: retrospective analysis on 200 cases in two different countries. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 217:34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOGRB.2017.08.019
Sampson JA (1927) Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the venous circulation. Am J Pathol 3(93–110):43
Meyer R (1924) Zur Frage der heterotopen Epithelwucherung, insbesondere des Peritonealepithels und in den Ovarien. Virchows Arch für Pathol Anat und Physiol und für Klin Medizin 2503(250):595–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01891397
Ferguson BR, Bennington JL, Haber SL (1969) Histochemistry of mucosubstances and histology of mixed Müllerian pelvic lymph node glandular inclusions: evidence for histogenesis by müllerian metaplasia of coelomic epithelium. Obstet Gynecol 33:617–625
Mechsner S, Weichbrodt M, Riedlinger WFJ et al (2008) Estrogen and progestogen receptor positive endometriotic lesions and disseminated cells in pelvic sentinel lymph nodes of patients with deep infiltrating rectovaginal endometriosis: a pilot study. Hum Reprod 23:2202–2209. https://doi.org/10.1093/HUMREP/DEN259
Olive DL, Schwartz LB (1993) Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 328(24):1759–1769. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199306173282407
Hsu AL, Khachikyan I, Stratton P (2010) Invasive and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 53:413–419. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0B013E3181DB7CE8
Charatsi D, Koukoura O, Ntavela IG et al (2018) Gastrointestinal and urinary tract endometriosis: a review on the commonest locations of extrapelvic endometriosis. Adv Med 2018:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3461209
Siegelman ES, Oliver ER (2012) MR imaging of endometriosis: ten imaging pearls. Radiographics 32:1675–1691. https://doi.org/10.1148/RG.326125518
Pearce CL, Stram DO, Ness RB et al (2015) Population distribution of lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 24:671–676. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1128
Munksgaard PS, Blaakaer J (2012) The association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer: a review of histological, genetic and molecular alterations. Gynecol Oncol 124:164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YGYNO.2011.10.001
Somigliana E, Vigano P, Parazzini F et al (2006) Association between endometriosis and cancer: a comprehensive review and a critical analysis of clinical and epidemiological evidence. Gynecol Oncol 101:331–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YGYNO.2005.11.033
Wei JJ, William J, Bulun S (2011) Endometriosis and ovarian cancer: a review of clinical, pathologic, and molecular aspects. Int J Gynecol Pathol 30:553–568. https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0B013E31821F4B85
Cortés-Guiral D, Mohamed F, Glehen O, Passot G (2021) Prehabilitation of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal malignancy. Eur J Surg Oncol 47:60–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJSO.2020.01.032
Kucuk A, Gezer IA, Ucar R, Karahan AY (2014) Familial mediterranean fever. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove) 57(3):97–104. https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2014.47
Ozen S (2015) Batu ED (2015) The myths we believed in familial Mediterranean fever: what have we learned in the past years? Semin Immunopathol 374(37):363–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00281-015-0484-6
Alghamdi M (2017) Familial Mediterranean fever, review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 36:1707–1713. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10067-017-3715-5/FIGURES/2
Ozen S, Demirkaya E, Erer B et al (2016) EULAR recommendations for the management of familial Mediterranean fever. Ann Rheum Dis 75:644–651. https://doi.org/10.1136/ANNRHEUMDIS-2015-208690
Akinwunmi BO, Babic A, Vitonis AF et al (2018) Chronic medical conditions and CA125 levels among women without ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 27:1483–1490. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0203/69505/AM/CHRONIC-MEDICAL-CONDITIONS-AND-CA125-LEVELS-AMONG
Muyldermans M, Cornillie FJ, Koninckx PR (1995) CA125 and endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 1:173–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/HUMUPD/1.2.173
Fawzy A, Mohamed MR, Ali MAM et al (2016) Tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression levels offer superior accuracy in discriminating benign from malignant pelvic masses. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 17:323–333. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.1.323
Moss EL, Hollingworth J, Reynolds TM (2005) The role of CA125 in clinical practice. J Clin Pathol 58:308. https://doi.org/10.1136/JCP.2004.018077
Nisenblat V, Bossuyt PM, Shaikh R, Farquhar C, Jordan V, Scheffers CS, Mol BW, Johnson N, Hull ML (2016) Blood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016(5):CD012179. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012179
Wykes CB, Clark TJ, Khan KS (2004) Accuracy of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a systematic quantitative review. BJOG 111:1204–1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1471-0528.2004.00433.X
Ratnavelu ND, Brown AP, Mallett S, Scholten RJ, Patel A, Founta C, Galaal K, Cross P, Naik R (2016) Intraoperative frozen section analysis for the diagnosis of early stage ovarian cancer in suspicious pelvic masses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3(3):CD010360. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010360.pub2
Park JY, Lee SH, Kim KR, Kim YT, Nam JH (2019) Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis and factors associated with final pathological diagnosis upgrade of mucinous ovarian tumors. J Gynecol Oncol 30(6):e95. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e95
Eleutério J, Md J, Francisco Medeiros C (2021) Peritoneal lavage cytology in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. Diagn Cytopathol 49:677–681. https://doi.org/10.1002/DC.24721
Almeida Santos J, Duarte R, Nunes C (2020) Tuberculin skin test and predictive host factors for false-negative results in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Respir J 14:541–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/CRJ.13166
Kass ME (1996) Pathology of peritoneal mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Res 81:213–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1245-1_18/COVER/
Weiss SW, Tavassoli FA (1988) Multicystic mesothelioma. An analysis of pathologic findings and biologic behavior in 37 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 12(10):737–746
de Pangher MV, Recchia L, Cafferata M et al (2010) Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a multicenter study on 81 cases. Ann Oncol 21:348–353. https://doi.org/10.1093/ANNONC/MDP307
Alessio B, Padoan I, Mencarelli R, Frego M (2007) Peritoneal mesothelioma: a review. Medscape Gen Med 9:32
Boffetta P (2007) Epidemiology of peritoneal mesothelioma: a review. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol 18:985–990. https://doi.org/10.1093/ANNONC/MDL345
Kusamura S, Kepenekian V, Villeneuve L et al (2021) Peritoneal mesothelioma: PSOGI/EURACAN clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol 47:36–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJSO.2020.02.011
Almudévar Bercero E, García-Rostán Pérez GM, García Bragado F, Jiménez C (1997) Prognostic value of high serum levels of CA-125 in malignant secretory peritoneal mesotheliomas affecting young women. A case report with differential diagnosis and review of the literature. Histopathology 31(3):267–273. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.2510855.x
Henderson DW, Reid G, Kao SC et al (2013) Challenges and controversies in the diagnosis of mesothelioma: Part 1. Cytology-only diagnosis, biopsies, immunohistochemistry, discrimination between mesothelioma and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, and biomarkers. J Clin Pathol 66:847–853. https://doi.org/10.1136/JCLINPATH-2012-201303
Husain AN, Colby TV, Ordóñez NG et al (2009) Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: a consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med 133:1317–1331. https://doi.org/10.5858/133.8.1317
Husain AN, Colby TV, Ordóñez NG et al (2018) Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma 2017 update of the consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med 142:89–108. https://doi.org/10.5858/ARPA.2017-0124-RA
Jo VY, Cibas ES, Pinkus GS (2014) Claudin-4 immunohistochemistry is highly effective in distinguishing adenocarcinoma from malignant mesothelioma in effusion cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 122:299–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/CNCY.21392
Facchetti F, Lonardi S, Gentili F et al (2007) Claudin 4 identifies a wide spectrum of epithelial neoplasms and represents a very useful marker for carcinoma versus mesothelioma diagnosis in pleural and peritoneal biopsies and effusions. Virchows Arch 451:669–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00428-007-0448-X
Kawai T, Tominaga S, Hiroi S et al (2016) Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (PMM), and primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC) and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH) of the peritoneum. Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analyses. J Clin Pathol 69:706–712. https://doi.org/10.1136/JCLINPATH-2015-203211
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP et al (2015) Introduction to the 2015 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. J Thorac Oncol 10:1240–1242. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0000000000000663
Deraco M, Nonaka D, Baratti D et al (2006) Prognostic analysis of clinicopathologic factors in 49 patients with diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol 13:229–237. https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2006.03.045
Yan TD, Deraco M, Baratti D et al (2009) Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: multi-institutional experience. J Clin Oncol 27:6237–6242. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.23.9640
Kusamura S, Torres Mesa PA, Cabras A et al (2016) The role of Ki-67 and pre-cytoreduction parameters in selecting diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) patients for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Ann Surg Oncol 23:1468–1473. https://doi.org/10.1245/S10434-015-4962-9
Berghmans T, Paesmans M, Lalami Y et al (2002) Activity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on malignant mesothelioma: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 38:111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(02)00180-0
Helm JH, Miura JT, Glenn JA et al (2015) Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 22:1686–1693. https://doi.org/10.1245/S10434-014-3978-X
Sugarbaker PH, Chang D (2017) Long-term regional chemotherapy for patients with epithelial malignant peritoneal mesothelioma results in improved survival. Eur J Surg Oncol 43:1228–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJSO.2017.01.009
Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J et al (2003) Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 21:2636–2644. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.136
Simon GR, Verschraegen CF, Jänne PA et al (2008) Pemetrexed plus gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy for patients with peritoneal mesothelioma: final report of a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 26:3567–3572. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.2868
de Boer NL, van Kooten JP, Burger JWA, Verhoef C, Aerts JGJV, Madsen EVE (2019) Adjuvant dendritic cell based immunotherapy (DCBI) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal mesothelioma, a phase II single Centre open-label clinical trial: rationale and design of the MESOPEC trial. BMJ Open 9(5):e026779. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026779
Votanopoulos KI, Sugarbaker P, Deraco M et al (2018) Is cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy justified for biphasic variants of peritoneal mesothelioma? Outcomes from the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International Registry. Ann Surg Oncol 25:667–673. https://doi.org/10.1245/S10434-017-6293-5
Raghav K, Liu S, Overman MJ et al (2021) Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of combined pd-l1 (Atezolizumab) and vegf (bevacizumab) blockade in advanced mesothelioma. Cancer Discov 11:2738–2747. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-0331/673853/AM/EFFICACY-SAFETY-AND-BIOMARKER-ANALYSIS-OF-COMBINED
Baratti D, Vaira M, Kusamura S et al (2010) Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: outcomes and patho-biological features in a multi-institutional series treated by cytoreductive surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). Eur J Surg Oncol 36:1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJSO.2010.08.130
Safioleas MC, Constantinos K, Michael S et al (2006) Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: a case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 12:5739. https://doi.org/10.3748/WJG.V12.I35.5739
Chua TC, Yao P, Akther J et al (2009) Differential expression of Ki-67 and sex steroid hormone receptors between genders in peritoneal mesothelioma. Pathol Oncol Res 15:671–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12253-009-9170-0
Noiret B, Renaud F, Piessen G, Eveno C (2019) Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: a systematic review of the literature. Pleura and Peritoneum 4(3):20190024. https://doi.org/10.1515/pp-2019-0024
Zahid A, Clarke L, Carr N, Chandrakumaran K, Tzivanakis A, Dayal S, Mohamed F, Cecil T, Moran BJ (2021) Outcomes of multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. BJS Open 5(2):zraa001. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zraa001
Govaerts K, Lurvink RJ, De Hingh IHJT et al (2021) Appendiceal tumours and pseudomyxoma peritonei: literature review with PSOGI/EURACAN clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 47:11–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJSO.2020.02.012
Churg A, Allen T, Borczuk AC et al (2014) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma with invasive foci. Am J Surg Pathol 38:990–998. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000200
Daya D, McCaughey WT (1990) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum. A clinico pathologic study of 22 cases. Cancer 65(2):292–296. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19900115)65:2<292::aid-cncr2820650218>3.0.co;2-w
Malpica A, Sant’ Ambrogio S, Deavers MT, Silva EG (2012) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the female peritoneum: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 36:117–127. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0B013E3182354A79
Chen X, Sheng W, Wang J (2013) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 18 cases with additional observation. Histopathology 62:805–813. https://doi.org/10.1111/HIS.12089
Hoekstra AV, Riben MW, Frumovitz M et al (2005) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a pathological analysis and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 98:161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YGYNO.2005.03.031
Nasit JG, Dhruva G (2014) Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a diagnostic dilemma on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Am J Clin Pathol 142:233–242. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPOTO9LBB4UKWC
Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Salehiniya H (2019) Ovarian cancer in the world: epidemiology and risk factors. Int J Womens Health 11:287. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S197604
Lim MC, Chang SJ, Park B et al (2022) Survival after hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and primary or interval cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 157:374–383. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0143
Lengyel E (2010) Ovarian cancer development and metastasis. Am J Pathol 177:1053–1064. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2010.100105
Malpica A, Deavers MT, Lu K et al (2004) Grading ovarian serous carcinoma using a two-tier system. Am J Surg Pathol 28:496–504. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200404000-00009
Moujaber T, Balleine RL, Gao B et al (2022) New therapeutic opportunities for women with low-grade serous ovarian cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 29:R1–R16. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-21-0191
Souadka A, Essangri H, Majbar MA, Benkabbou A, Boutayeb S, You B, Glehen O, Mohsine R, Bakrin N (2022) Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Front Oncol 12:809773. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.809773
Chang SJ, Hodeib M, Chang J, Bristow RE (2013) Survival impact of complete cytoreduction to no gross residual disease for advanced-stage ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 130:493–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YGYNO.2013.05.040
Bristow RE, Tomacruz RS, Armstrong DK et al (2002) Survival effect of maximal cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian carcinoma during the platinum era: a meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 20:1248–1259. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.5.1248
Hou JY, Kelly MG, Yu H et al (2007) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy lessens surgical morbidity in advanced ovarian cancer and leads to improved survival in stage IV disease. Gynecol Oncol 105:211–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YGYNO.2006.11.025
Spiliotis J, Halkia E, Lianos E et al (2015) Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a prospective randomized phase III study. Ann Surg Oncol 22:1570–1575. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-4157-9
Markman M, Rothman R, Hakes T et al (1991) Second-line platinum therapy in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with cisplatin. J Clin Oncol 9:389–393. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.3.389
Penson RT (2020) Platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: liminal advances. Lancet Oncol 21:614–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30178-9
Schmeler KM (2008) Gershenson DM (2008) Low-grade serous ovarian cancer: a unique disease. Curr Oncol Reports 106(10):519–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11912-008-0078-8
Selvakumaran M, Pisarcik DA, Bao R et al (2003) Enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity by disturbing the nucleotide excision repair pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 63:1311–1316
Vergote I, Tropé CG, Amant F et al (2010) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary surgery in stage IIIC or IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 363:943–953. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA0908806/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA0908806_DISCLOSURES.PDF
Harter P, Sehouli J, Vergote I et al (2021) Randomized trial of cytoreductive surgery for relapsed ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 385:2123–2131. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA2103294/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA2103294_DATA-SHARING.PDF
van Driel WJ, Koole SN, Sikorska K et al (2018) Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 378:230–240. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA1708618/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA1708618_DISCLOSURES.PDF
Hong T, Lei G, Chen X, Li H, Zhang X, Wu N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang J (2021) PARP inhibition promotes ferroptosis via repressing SLC7A11 and synergizes with ferroptosis inducers in BRCA-proficient ovarian cancer. Redox Biol 42:101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101928
Arora S, Balasubramaniam S, Zhang H, Berman T, Narayan P, Suzman D, Bloomquist E, Tang S, Gong Y, Sridhara R, Turcu FR, Chatterjee D, Saritas-Yildirim B, Ghosh S, Philip R, Pathak A, Gao JJ, Amiri-Kordestani L, Pazdur R, Beaver JA (2021) FDA approval summary: olaparib monotherapy or in combination with bevacizumab for the maintenance treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Oncologist 26(1):e164–e172. https://doi.org/10.1002/onco.13551
Foo T, George A, Banerjee S (2021) PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: an overview of the practice-changing trials. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 60:385–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/GCC.22935
Kurnit KC, Fleming GF, Lengyel E (2021) Updates and new options in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer treatment. Obstet Gynecol 137:108–121. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004173
Grunewald T, Ledermann JA (2017) Targeted therapies for ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 41:139–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BPOBGYN.2016.12.001
Nomura K, Aizawa S (1996) Clinicopathologic and mucin histochemical analyses of 90 cases of ovarian mucinous borderline tumors of intestinal and müllerian types. Pathol Int 46:575–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1827.1996.TB03656.X
Song T, Choi CH, Lee YY et al (2013) Endocervical-like versus intestinal-type mucinous borderline ovarian tumors: a large retrospective series focusing on the clinicopathologic characteristics. Gynecol Obstet Invest 76:241–247. https://doi.org/10.1159/000356072
Hart WR (2005) Borderline epithelial tumors of the ovary. Mod Pathol 18:33–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.3800307
Lee KR, Scully RE (2000) Mucinous tumors of the ovary: a clinicopathologic study of 196 borderline tumors (of intestinal type) and carcinomas, including an evaluation of 11 cases with “pseudomyxoma peritonei.” Am J Surg Pathol 24:1447–1464. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200011000-00001
Koskas M, Uzan C, Gouy S et al (2011) Prognostic factors of a large retrospective series of mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary (excluding peritoneal pseudomyxoma). Ann Surg Oncol 18:40–48. https://doi.org/10.1245/S10434-010-1293-8
Zanetta G, Rota S, Chiari S et al (2001) Behavior of borderline tumors with particular interest to persistence, recurrence, and progression to invasive carcinoma: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 19:2658–2664. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.10.2658
Nik NN, Vang R, Shih IM, Kurman RJ (2014) Origin and pathogenesis of pelvic (ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal) serous carcinoma. Annu Rev Pathol 9:27–45. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-PATHOL-020712-163949
Liu Q, Lin JX, Shi QL et al (2011) Primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma: a clinical and pathological study. Pathol Oncol Res 17:713–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12253-011-9375-X/TABLES/3
Khoury N, Raju U, Crissman JD et al (1990) A comparative immunohistochemical study of peritoneal and ovarian serous tumors, and mesotheliomas. Hum Pathol 21:811–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(90)90050-F
Ruiter DJ, Van Muijen GNP (1998) Markers of melanocytic tumour progression. J Pathol 186:340–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199812)186:4
Zhou J, Iwasa Y, Konishi I, Kan N, Kannagi R, Kobashi Y, Kim YC, Yamabe H (1995) Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum in women. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 76(3):429–436. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19950801)76:3<429::aid-cncr2820760313>3.0.co;2-8
Bloss JD, Brady MF, Liao SY et al (2003) Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma: a phase II trial of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide with comparison to a cohort with papillary serous ovarian carcinoma - A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Gynecol Oncol 89:148–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00068-4
Suh-Burgmann E, Powell CB (2007) Cytoreductive surgery for gynecologic malignancies–new standards of care. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 16:667–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOC.2007.04.017
Deraco M, Sinukumar S, Salcedo-Hernández RA et al (2019) Clinico-pathological outcomes after total parietal peritonectomy, cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced serous papillary peritoneal carcinoma submitted to neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy-largest single institute experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 45:2103–2108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2019.06.021
Kosir MA, Sonnino RE, Gauderer MWL (1991) Pediatric abdominal lymphangiomas. J Pediatr Surg 26:1309–1313
Steyaert H, Guitard J, Moscovici J et al (1996) Abdominal cystic lymphangioma in children: benign lesions that can have a proliferative course. J Pediatr Surg 31:677–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(96)90673-9
Hornick JL, Fletcher CDM (2005) Intraabdominal cystic lymphangiomas obscured by marked superimposed reactive changes: clinicopathological analysis of a series. Hum Pathol 36:426–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2005.02.007
Makni A, Chebbi F, Fetirich F et al (2012) Surgical management of intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma. Report of 20 cases. World J Surg 36:1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00268-012-1515-2/TABLES/2
Serrano C, George S (2013) Leiomyosarcoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 27:957–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HOC.2013.07.002
Van Glabbeke M, Van Oosterom AT, Oosterhuis JW et al (1999) Prognostic factors for the outcome of chemotherapy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: an analysis of 2,185 patients treated with anthracycline-containing first-line regimens–a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. J Clin Oncol 17:150–157. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.1.150
Yamaguchi U, Hasegawa T, Masuda T et al (2004) Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and other spindle cell tumors in the gastrointestinal tract based on immunohistochemical analysis. Virchows Arch 445:142–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00428-004-1055-8/FIGURES/5
Ray-coquard I, Montesco MC, Coindre JM et al (2012) Sarcoma: concordance between initial diagnosis and centralized expert review in a population-based study within three European regions. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol 23:2442–2449. https://doi.org/10.1093/ANNONC/MDR610
Gronchi A, Miah AB, Dei Tos AP et al (2021) Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO–EURACAN–GENTURIS clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up☆. Ann Oncol 32:1348–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANNONC.2021.07.006/ATTACHMENT/A9170587-4D5D-4FB1-A159-D8A0A7B53BF9/MMC1.PDF
Andritsch E, Beishon M, Bielack S et al (2017) ECCO essential requirements for quality cancer care: soft tissue sarcoma in adults and bone sarcoma. A critical review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 110:94–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRITREVONC.2016.12.002
Gojayev A, English DP, Macer M, Azodi M (2016) Chlamydia peritonitis and ascites mimicking ovarian cancer. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8547173
Weström L, Joesoef R, Reynolds G et al (1992) Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility: a cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Sex Transm Dis 19:185–192. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199207000-00001
Brun JL, Graesslin O, Fauconnier A et al (2016) Updated French guidelines for diagnosis and management of pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J Gynecol Obstet 134:121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJGO.2015.11.028
DeWitt J, Reining A, Allsworth JE, Peipert JF (2010) Tuboovarian abscesses: is size associated with duration of hospitalization & complications? Obstet Gynecol Int 2010:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/847041
Greenstein Y, Shah AJ, Vragovic O et al (2013) Tuboovarian abscess. Factors associated with operative intervention after failed antibiotic therapy. J Reprod Med 58:101–106
Peto HM, Pratt RH, Harrington TA et al (2009) Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States, 1993–2006. Clin Infect Dis 49:1350–1357. https://doi.org/10.1086/605559/2/49-9-1350-FIG002.GIF
Sanai FM, Bzeizi KI (2005) Systematic review: tuberculous peritonitis – presenting features, diagnostic strategies and treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22:685–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2036.2005.02645.X
Elmore RG, Li AJ, Nygaard I (2007) Peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 110:1417–1419. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000295653.32975.4A
Koc S, Beydilli G, Tulunay G et al (2006) Peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced ovarian cancer: a retrospective review of 22 cases. Gynecol Oncol 103:565–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YGYNO.2006.04.010
Sharma JB, Jain SK, Pushparaj M et al (2010) Abdomino-peritoneal tuberculosis masquerading as ovarian cancer: a retrospective study of 26 cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet 282:643–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00404-009-1295-6
Bilgin T, Karabay A, Dolar E et al (2001) Peritoneal tuberculosis with pelvic abdominal mass, ascites and elevated CA 125 mimicking advanced ovarian carcinoma: a series of 10 cases. Int J Gynecol Cancer 11:290–294. https://doi.org/10.1136/IJGC-00009577-200107000-00006
Zhang L, Chen Y, Liu W, Wang K (2016) Evaluating the clinical significances of serum HE4 with CA125 in peritoneal tuberculosis and epithelial ovarian cancer. Biomarkers 21:168–172. https://doi.org/10.3109/1354750X.2015.1118552
Pedrosa I, Saíz A, Arrazola J, Ferreirós J, Pedrosa CS (2000) Hydatid disease: radiologic and pathologic features and complications. Radiographics: a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc 20(3):795–817. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.20.3.g00ma06795
Hegde N, Hiremath B (2013) Primary peritoneal hydatidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2013:bcr2013200435. https://doi.org/10.1136/BCR-2013-200435
Karpathiou G, Casteillo F, Dridi M, Peoc’h M (2021) Mesothelial cysts. Am J Clin Pathol 155:853–862. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa189
Baratti D, Kusamura S, Nonaka D et al (2007) Multicystic and well-differentiated papillary peritoneal mesothelioma treated by surgical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Ann Surg Oncol 14:2790–2797. https://doi.org/10.1245/S10434-007-9475-8/TABLES/3
Sethna K, Mohamed F, Marchettini P et al (2003) Peritoneal cystic mesothelioma: a case series. Tumori 89:31–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/030089160308900107
Eryilmaz MK, Mutlu H, Tazegul G et al (2017) Multiple pelvic cysts in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever: benign cystic mesothelioma. J Cancer Res Ther 13:1047. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRT.JCRT_125_16
Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D et al (1997) Criteria for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Arthritis Rheum 40:1879–1885. https://doi.org/10.1002/ART.1780401023
Yantiss RK, Clement PB, Young RH (2001) Endometriosis of the intestinal tract: a study of 44 cases of a disease that may cause diverse challenges in clinical and pathologic evaluation. Am J Surg Pathol 25:445–454. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200104000-00003
Vilos GA, Hollett-Caines J, Abu-Rafea B et al (2011) Resolution of catamenial epilepsy after goserelin therapy and oophorectomy: case report of presumed cerebral endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 18:128–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMIG.2010.09.002
Ballard K, Lowton K, Wright J (2006) What’s the delay? A qualitative study of women’s experiences of reaching a diagnosis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 86:1296–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FERTNSTERT.2006.04.054
As-Sanie S, Black R, Giudice LC et al (2019) Assessing research gaps and unmet needs in endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AJOG.2019.02.033
Nisenblat V, Bossuyt PM, Farquhar C, et al (2016) Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Cochrane database Syst Rev 2:CD009591. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009591.PUB2
Mason BR, Chatterjee D, Menias CO et al (2020) Encyclopedia of endometriosis: a pictorial rad-path review. Abdom Radiol 45:1587–1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00261-019-02381-W/FIGURES/19
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Gaillard, M., Meylaerts, L. & Govaerts, K. Extrapelvic Endometriosis Mimicking Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: Case Report and a Review of Literature. Indian J Surg Oncol 14 (Suppl 1), 131–143 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-022-01683-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-022-01683-8