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Epigenetic reorganization during early embryonic lineage specification

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Abstract

Background

Dynamic chromatin reorganization occurs during two waves of cell lineage specification process, blastocyst formation and gastrulation, to generate distinct cell types. Epigenetic defects have been associated with severe developmental defects and diseases. How epigenetic remodeling coordinates the two lineage specification waves is becoming uncovered, benefiting from the development and application of new technologies including low-input or single-cell epigenome analysis approached in the past few years.

Objective

In this review, we aim to highlight the most recent findings on epigenetic remodeling in cell lineage specification during blastocyst formation and gastrulation.

Methods

First, we introduce how DNA methylation dynamically changes in blastocyst formation and gastrulation and its function in transcriptional regulation lineage-specific genes. Then, we discuss widespread remodeling of histone modification at promoters and enhancers in orchestrating the trajectory of cell lineage specification. Finally, we review dynamics of chromatin accessibility and 3D structure regulating developmental gene expression and associating with specific transcription factor binding events at stage specific manner. We also highlight the key questions that remain to be answered to fully understand chromatin regulation and reorganization in lineage specification.

Conclusion

Here, we summarize the recent advances and discoveries on epigenetic reorganization and its roles in blastocyst formation and gastrulation, and how it cooperates with the lineage specification, painting from global sequencing data from mouse in vivo tissues.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the members in Lin & Luo Lab for critical discussion. This work was financially supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0800100 and 2018YFA0800101 to C.L.; 2018YFA0800104 to H.F.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32030017 and 31970626 to C.L.) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20201273 to H.F.)

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  1. School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

    Haitong Fang, Zhuojuan Luo & Chengqi Lin

  2. Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China

    Zhuojuan Luo & Chengqi Lin

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  1. Haitong Fang
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  2. Zhuojuan Luo
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Fang, H., Luo, Z. & Lin, C. Epigenetic reorganization during early embryonic lineage specification. Genes Genom 44, 379–387 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-021-01213-w

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