Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Prediction of pyrolytic product composition and yield for various grass biomass feedstocks

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pyrolysis is the fundamental thermochemical reaction for both combustion and gasification processes aimed at the conversion of a wide array of biomass wastes into many desirable products. The main products of biomass pyrolysis are biochar, bio-oil, and flue gases (which includes methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide). The present article is an attempt to observe the effect of temperature on the pyrolysis process by using elementary composition of biomass to estimate the product yield along with its composition. This study considered the grasses such as bamboo, kenaf, miscanthus, reed canary, and switch grasses as the biomass feedstock. The dependence of pyrolytic product (solid, liquid, gas) formation on variation of temperature and heating rate has been discussed. The results revealed that the amount of pyrolytic product formation is dependent on the elementary and biochemical composition of grass biomasses. Based upon the biomass composition, possibility of co-pyrolysis has been discussed in this paper. Validation of model results revealed that almost 99% similarity is observed in the case of miscanthus biochar yield; however, 10% dissimilarity in gas and water yield for miscanthus is observed between predicted and experimental yield. This modeling approach would not only help in optimizing the pyrolysis process, but also encouraged the utilization of the biomass feedstock efficiently for the production of desired products in a sustainable manner.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rangabhashiyam S, Balasubramanian P (2019) The potential of lignocellulosic biomass precursors for biochar production: performance, mechanism and wastewater application—a review. Ind Crop Prod 128:405–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kan T, Strezov V, Evans TJ (2016) Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: a review of product properties and effects of pyrolysis parameters. Renew Sust Energ Rev 57:1126–1140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Qiao Y, Wang B, Ji Y, Xu F, Zong P, Zhang J, Tian Y (2019) Thermal decomposition of castor oil, corn starch, soy protein, lignin, xylan, and cellulose during fast pyrolysis. Bioresour Technol 278:287–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bhola V, Desikan R, Santosh SK, Subburamu K, Sanniyasi E, Bux F (2011) Effects of parameters affecting biomass yield and thermal behaviour of Chlorella vulgaris. J Biosci Bioeng 111(3):377–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sanchez-Monedero MA, Cayuela ML, Roig A, Jindo K, Mondini C, Bolan N (2018) Role of biochar as an additive in organic waste composting. Bioresour Technol 247:1155–1164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Boateng AA, Schaffer MA, Mullen CA, Goldberg NM (2019) Mobile demonstration unit for fast-and catalytic pyrolysis: the combustion reduction integrated pyrolysis system (CRIPS). J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 137:185–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sharma ML, Nirmala C (2015) Bamboo diversity of India: an update. In: 10th World Bamboo Congress, (17–22 September 2015), Damyang, Korea. World Bamboo organisation, Plymouth, MA, USA

  8. GRIN (Germplasm Resources Information Network) (2017) “Phalaris arundinacea” on Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [Retrieved on 2017-12-15]

  9. PLANTS Database (2018) “Panicum virgatum” on Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database, USDA [Retrieved on 2018-05-21]

  10. Saba N, Paridah MT, Jawaid M (2015) Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite: a review. Constr Build Mater 76:87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lewandowski I, Clifton-Brown JC, Scurlock JMO, Huisman W (2000) Miscanthus: European experience with a novel energy crop. Biomass Bioenergy 19(4):209–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nayak KR, Auti S (2019) Reviewing the problem of ELVs in India and checking possibilities of pyrolysis as a solution. In: Vasudevan H, Kottur V, Raina A (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  13. Balasubramanian P, Karthickumar P (2012) Indian energy crisis—a sustainable solution. In: IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM-2012) (pp. 411–415). IEEE

  14. Asok R, Balasubramanian P, Karthickumar P (2013) Consolidated renewable energy—a future hawk-eyed energy in India. Int J Adv Res Technol 2(2)

  15. Yaliwal VS, Banapurmath NR, Hosmath RS, Khandal SV, Budzianowski WM (2016) Utilization of hydrogen in low calorific value producer gas derived from municipal solid waste and biodiesel for diesel engine power generation application. Renew Energy 99:1253–1261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Muradov N (2014) Industrial utilization of CO2: a win-win solution. In: Liberating energy from carbon: introduction to decarbonization. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 22. Springer, New York, NY

  17. Swagathnath G, Rangabhashiyam S, Parthsarathi K, Murugan S, Balasubramanian P (2019) Modeling biochar yield and syngas production during the pyrolysis of agro-residues. In: Green Buildings and Sustainable Engineering (pp. 325–336). Springer, Singapore.

  18. Mythili R, Subramanian P, Venkatachalam P (2016) Art of waste to fortune: conversion of redgram stalk into value added chemicals through fast pyrolysis. Natl Acad Sci Lett 39(3):151–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kim JS (2015) Production, separation and applications of phenolic-rich bio-oil—a review. Bioresour Technol 178:90–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang C, Liu L, Zhao M, Rong H, Xu Y (2018) The environmental characteristics and applications of biochar. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(22):21525–21534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Favetta D, Rosse DJ, Slattery JC (2016) U.S. Patent No. 9,478,324. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  22. Heck V, Gerten D, Lucht W, Popp A (2018) Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries. Nat Clim Chang 8(2):151–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Son EB, Poo KM, Chang JS, Chae KJ (2018) Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions using engineered magnetic biochars derived from waste marine macro-algal biomass. Sci Total Environ 615:161–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sreelakshmy K, Sindhu N (2019) Modelling and simulation of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastic. In: Ghosh S (ed) Waste management and resource efficiency. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  25. Nanda S, Dalai AK, Berruti F, Kozinski JA (2016) Biochar as an exceptional bioresource for energy, agronomy, carbon sequestration, activated carbon and specialty materials. Waste Biomass Valoriz 7(2):201–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dernbecher A, Dieguez-Alonso A, Ortwein A, Tabet F (2019) Review on modelling approaches based on computational fluid dynamics for biomass combustion systems. Biomass Convers Bioref 9(1):129–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yaman S (2004) Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks. Energy Convers Manag 45(5):651–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Prakash N, Karunanithi T (2008) Kinetic modeling in biomass pyrolysis—a review. J Appl Sci Res 4(12):1627–1636

    Google Scholar 

  29. Di Blasi C (1993) Modeling and simulation of combustion processes of charring and non-charring solid fuels. Prog Energy Combust Sci 19(1):71–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Neves D, Thunman H, Matos A, Tarelho L, Gómez-Barea A (2011) Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products. Prog Energy Combust Sci 37(5):611–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Yoder J, Galinato S, Granatstein D, Garcia-Perez M (2011) Economic tradeoff between biochar and bio-oil production via pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 35(5):1851–1862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Song B (2016) Biomass pyrolysis for biochar production: kinetics, energetics and economics. Biochar:227–238

  33. Di Blasi C (2008) Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34(1):47–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Vassilev SV, Baxter D, Andersen LK, Vassileva CG (2010) An overview of the chemical composition of biomass. Fuel 89(5):913–933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Akil H, Omar MF, Mazuki AAM, Safiee SZAM, Ishak ZM, Bakar AA (2011) Kenaf fiber reinforced composites: a review. Mater Des 32(8–9):4107–4121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen W, Yu H, Liu Y (2011) Preparation of millimeter-long cellulose I nanofibers with diameters of 30–80 nm from bamboo fibers. Carbohydr Polym 86(2):453–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Brosse N, Dufour A, Meng X, Sun Q, Ragauskas A (2012) Miscanthus: a fast-growing crop for biofuels and chemicals production. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 6(5):580–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Dhyani V, Bhaskar T (2018) A comprehensive review on the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Renew Energy 129:695–716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Daugaard DE, Brown RC (2003) Enthalpy for pyrolysis for several types of biomass. Energy Fuel 17(4):934–939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Sheng C, Azevedo JLT (2005) Estimating the higher heating value of biomass fuels from basic analysis data. Biomass Bioenergy 28(5):499–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Demirbaş A (1997) Calculation of higher heating values of biomass fuels. Fuel 76(5):431–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Wang S, Dai G, Yang H, Luo Z (2017) Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: a state-of-the-art review. Prog Energy Combust Sci 62:33–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Han L, Ro KS, Wang Y, Sun K, Sun H, Libra JA, Xing B (2018) Oxidation resistance of biochars as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis condition. Sci Total Environ 616:335–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Zhang X, Lei H, Chen S, Wu J (2016) Catalytic co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with polymers: a critical review. Green Chem 18(15):4145–4169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. de Andrés JM, Roche E, Narros A, Rodríguez ME (2016) Characterisation of tar from sewage sludge gasification. Influence of gasifying conditions: temperature, throughput, steam and use of primary catalysts. Fuel 180:116–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Trubetskaya A, Brown A, Tompsett GA, Timko MT, Kling J, Broström M, Andersen ML, Umeki K (2018) Characterization and reactivity of soot from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic compounds and monolignols. Appl Energy 212:1489–1500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Nanda S, Reddy SN, Vo DVN, Sahoo BN, Kozinski JA (2018) Catalytic gasification of wheat straw in hot compressed (subcritical and supercritical) water for hydrogen production. Energy Sci Eng 6(5):448–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Arregi A, Amutio M, Lopez G, Bilbao J, Olazar M (2018) Evaluation of thermochemical routes for hydrogen production from biomass: a review. Energy Convers Manag 165:696–719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Sun W, Liu X, Chen X (2019) Methane oxidizing bacteria and its potential application of methane emission control in landfills. In: Zhan L, Chen Y, Bouazza A (eds) Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 3. ICEG 2018. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  50. Peng X, Ye LL, Wang CH, Zhou H, Sun B (2011) Temperature-and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar: Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China. Soil Tillage Res 112(2):159–166

  51. Guedes RE, Luna AS, Torres AR (2018) Operating parameters for bio-oil production in biomass pyrolysis: a review. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 129:134–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Zhang Q, Yang Z, Wu W (2008) Role of crop residue management in sustainable agricultural development in the North China Plain. J. Sustain. Agric. 32(1):137–148

  53. Brebu M, Ucar S, Vasile C, Yanik J (2010) Co-pyrolysis of pine cone with synthetic polymers. Fuel 89(8):1911–1918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Krutof A, Hawboldt KA (2018) Upgrading of biomass sourced pyrolysis oil review: focus on co-pyrolysis and vapour upgrading during pyrolysis. Biomass Convers Bioref 8(3):775–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Chen D, Liu D, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li Q (2015) Bamboo pyrolysis using TG–FTIR and a lab-scale reactor: analysis of pyrolysis behavior, product properties, and carbon and energy yields. Fuel 148:79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Greenhalf CE, Nowakowski DJ, Harms AB, Titiloye JO, Bridgwater AV (2013) A comparative study of straw, perennial grasses and hardwoods in terms of fast pyrolysis products. Fuel 108:216–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Fahmi R, Bridgwater AV, Donnison I, Yates N, Jones JM (2008) The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability. Fuel 87(7):1230–1240

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India (File No. ECR/2017/003397) is acknowledged. The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering of National Institute of Technology Rourkela for providing the research facility.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

    Pathy Abhijeet, Swagathnath G. & Balasubramanian P.

  2. School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401, India

    Rangabhashiyam S.

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637018, India

    Asok Rajkumar M.

Authors
  1. Pathy Abhijeet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Swagathnath G.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rangabhashiyam S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Asok Rajkumar M.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Balasubramanian P.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Balasubramanian P..

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abhijeet, P., Swagathnath, G., Rangabhashiyam, S. et al. Prediction of pyrolytic product composition and yield for various grass biomass feedstocks. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 10, 663–674 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00475-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00475-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation