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Properties of sago waste charcoal using hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonization

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Abstract

The thermochemical biomass conversion has widely used because it is considered environmentally friendly and carried out at low temperatures and pressure to reduce costs. Hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonization are two kinds of biomass conversion that widely practiced in the current time. In this study, hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonization was carried out using sago wastes in bark and pith form. The purpose of this research was to compare the charcoal properties between chars from hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonization. In this study, the carbonization process was conducted in two methods, i.e., hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonization. The hydrothermal carbonization was performed with a temperature of 250 °C for 4 h, using rotary digester with water as a medium. While the pyrolysis carbonization was conducted with a temperature of 400 °C for 5 h, using a vacuum electrically heated tube as a reactor. The characterization of chars performed was proximate and elemental analysis; iodine number; calorific value; Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR); X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscope (SEM); Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET); and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (Pyr-GC-MS). The results showed that the iodine adsorption capacity, surface area, and pore volume of chars from hydrothermal were higher than pyrolysis. In contrast, the calorific value of chars from pyrolysis was higher than the chars from hydrothermal. Based on results, chars from hydrothermal can be used as a precursor of activated charcoal specifically for adsorbent, while chars from pyrolysis are potential energy sources.

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Funding

This research is financially supported by The Postgraduate Scholarship Program of the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, and Research Institute of Pattimura University, Ambon, Maluku Province, Republic of Indonesia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

    Herman Siruru, Wasrin Syafii & I. Nyoman J. Wistara

  2. Departement of Forestry, Faculty of Agricultural, UNPATTI, Ambon, 97233, Indonesia

    Herman Siruru

  3. Forest Research and Development Agency, Gunung Batu, Bogor, 16118, Indonesia

    Gustan Pari

  4. Research Center for Biomaterials LIPI, Jl Raya Bogor km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

    Ismail Budiman

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  1. Herman Siruru
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Contributions

All authors contributed to this work and discussed the results and implications and commented on the manuscript. Herman Siruru, Wasrin Syafii, I Nyoman J Wistara, and Gustan Pari act as the main contributors responsible for designing and formulating research methods, sample testing, research results, writing, and revising manuscript drafts, while Ismail Budiman acts as a member contributor responsible for the analysis and interpretation of research data, as well as writing and revising the manuscript drafts.

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Correspondence to Herman Siruru.

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Siruru, H., Syafii, W., Wistara, I.N.J. et al. Properties of sago waste charcoal using hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonization. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 5543–5554 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00983-9

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