Abstract
Pollution of water resources particularly surface water and rivers may affect human health and the environment seriously. So it is essential to find an efficient solution to control the pollution at rivers in order to reduce damages for consumers and protect the environment. At this research, a mathematical model is proposed to manage pollutant entrance to the river from several resources. The objective is to minimize the rate of pollution damage for consumers by using an analytical solution method and the particle swarm optimization algorithm as river quality management. Two different scenarios for consumption are considered in Gheshlagh River which is selected as a case study. A total of 192 decision variables corresponding to the mass of entering contamination at different hours of the day and 8 decision variables corresponding to the location of entering are considered. In the first scenario, at some hours of the day downstream consumption is zero, and in the second scenario, for all hours of the day, water is consumed at the downstream of Gheshlagh River. The achieved results indicate that the value of objective function for the first scenario, after optimization, decreased from 3513 to 48 kg in its optimal condition. In river quality management planning of two scenarios, the concentration of pollution do not exceed from allowable limit. According to the results, a timetable and spatial planning for pollutant entrance to the river can decrease the rate of pollution damage for consumers.
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Abbreviations
- ABC:
-
Artificial bee colony
- AMOSA:
-
A multi-objective simulated annealing
- BOD:
-
Biochemical oxygen demand
- C 1 :
-
Cognitive coefficient
- C 2 :
-
Social component coefficients
- DO:
-
Dissolved oxygen
- DoE:
-
Department of environment
- DSS:
-
Decision support system
- GA:
-
Genetic algorithm
- HS:
-
Harmony search
- PSO:
-
Particle swarm optimization
- MPSO:
-
Modified particle swarm optimization
- NLP:
-
Nonlinear programming
- SAR:
-
Search and rescue algorithm
- SDGA:
-
Sequential dynamic genetic algorithm
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Khorashadizadeh, M., Azizyan, G., Hashemi Monfared, S.A. et al. A timetable and spatial planning for pollutant entrance to the river. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 4171–4188 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02722-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02722-z