Abstract
This study aims to optimize the engine parameters using response surface methodology to achieve fewer pollutants in the exhaust of a spark-ignition engine mounted with a commercial catalytic converter and a modified catalytic converter. In this research, a sucrose-doped alumina was used as a catalyst as a novel technique to reduce the harmful pollutants present in the exhaust gas. The experiment allowed exhaust gas to pass axially through the converters. The experimental parameters employed were used to develop a numerical model to predict emission levels concerning catalytic converters. The numerical model was developed using brake power, actual to the theoretical air–fuel ratio, and engine exhaust gas pollutants measured before being treated by the catalytic converter as input variables, and primary toxic pollutants treated by the catalytic converters output parameters. The developed model showed superior performance, with higher R2 values over 0.987 for all cases. The experimental results validated the predicted optimum responses, and the measured error percentage was less than 3% for most cases. The optimized parameters yielded a desirability factor of 0.831 for the commercial catalytic converter and 0.9 for the modified catalytic converter. Thus, the developed response surface methodology model can highly predict the emission characteristics.
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Change history
27 February 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04033-x
Abbreviations
- ACC:
-
After catalytic converter
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- BP:
-
Brake power
- bsfc:
-
Brake specific fuel consumption
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CCC:
-
Commercial catalytic converter
- EGT:
-
Exhaust gas temperature
- Eq.:
-
Equation
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxides
- rpm:
-
Revolution per minute
- RSM:
-
Response surface methodology
- SCC:
-
Sucrose-alumina catalytic converter
- Vol:
-
Volume
- WCC/CO:
-
Carbon monoxide level coming out from the engine before treated with any catalytic converter
- WCC/HC:
-
Hydrocarbon level coming out from the engine before treated with any catalytic converter
- WCC/NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxide level coming out from the engine before treated with any catalytic converter
- CCC/CO:
-
CO level after treated with CCC
- CCC/HC:
-
HC level after treated with CCC
- CCC/NOx :
-
NOx level after treated with CCC
- SCC/CO:
-
CO level after treated with SCC
- SCC/HC:
-
HC level after treated with SCC
- SCC/NOx :
-
NOx level after treated with SCC
- λ:
-
Actual to the theoretical air–fuel ratio
- R 2 :
-
Correlation coefficient
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Sathyanarayanan, S., Suresh, S., Uslu, S. et al. Optimization of gasoline engine emission parameters employing commercial and sucrolite-catalyst coated converter using response surface methodology. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 1725–1738 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03968-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03968-5