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Direct polymerization of polyheptazine in the interlamelar spaces of titanate nanotubes enhances visible-light response

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Abstract

A hybrid organic–inorganic catalyst of polyheptazine and TiO2 nanotubes was obtained by polymerization of polyheptazine directly on the surface of layered titanate nanotubes (TiNT) at 400 °C; leading to a phase transition from TiNT to TiO2 anatase. This method induces the polymerization in-between the layers of TiNTs, in contrast to what happens on commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (P25), for which polymer adsorption occurs only onto the outer surface. As a result, the hybrid materials exhibit enhanced physical–chemical properties, resulting in improved photocatalytic response; the methylene blue degradation was 1.28-times higher using the hybrid polyheptazine-TiO2 nanotubes as a photocatalyst, in comparison to the use of polyheptazine-P25. Besides, polyheptazine-TiO2 nanotubes show higher photo-electrocatalytic activity than TiNTs, whereas polyheptazine-P25 exhibits lower activity than P25. The lower band-gap energies, zeta potentials and higher surface area make the polyheptazine-TiO2 nanotubes more efficient photocatalysts under visible light in comparison to P25-based nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by FAPESP (Grants 2017/11395-7 and 2019/26010-9) and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. The authors also acknowledge Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). We are thankful to LNNano-CNPEM for the use of TEM and SEM facilities, to LNLS-CNPEM for the XRD experiments and to the Multiusers platform (CEM) at UFABC for instrumental facilities.

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  1. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil

    Barbara S. Rodrigues, Vinícius A. Almeida, Caroline H. Claudino & Juliana S. Souza

  2. Energy Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Carlos Ponce-de-Leon & Dmitry V. Bavykin

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  1. Barbara S. Rodrigues
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Rodrigues, B.S., Almeida, V.A., Claudino, C.H. et al. Direct polymerization of polyheptazine in the interlamelar spaces of titanate nanotubes enhances visible-light response. J Nanostruct Chem 10, 363–376 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00357-7

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