Abstract
Purpose
To examine the validity and reliability of a new Italian language version of the latest edition of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0).
Methods
The sixth edition of the EDE-Q was translated into Italian and administered to 264 Italian-speaking inpatient and outpatient (257 females in their mid-20s) with eating disorder (75.4% anorexia nervosa) and 216 controls (205 females).
Results
Internal consistency was high for both the global EDE-Q and all subscale scores. Test–retest reliability was good to excellent (0.66–0.83) for global and subscale scores, and for items assessing key behavioral features of eating disorders (0.55–0.91). Patients with an eating disorder displayed significantly higher EDE-Q scores than controls, demonstrating the good criterion validity of the tool. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit for a modified seven-item three-factor structure.
Conclusions
The study showed the good psychometric properties of the new Italian version of the EDE-Q 6.0, and validated its use in Italian eating disorder patients, particularly in young females with anorexia nervosa.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ (1994) Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire? Int J Eat Disord 16:363–370
Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ (2008) Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. In: Fairburn CG (ed) Eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0). Guiford Press, New York, pp 309–313
Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, O’Connor M (2008) Eating Disorder Examination (Edition 16.0D). In: Fairburn CG (ed) Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press, New York, pp 265–308
Calugi S, Ricca V, Castellini G, Sauro CL, Ruocco A, Chignola E, El Ghoch M, Dalle Grave R (2015) The eating disorder examination: reliability and validity of the Italian version. Eat Weight Disord 20:505–511. doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0191-2
Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Wilson GT (2001) A comparison of different methods for assessing the features of eating disorders in patients with binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 69:317–322
Black CM, Wilson GT (1996) Assessment of eating disorders: interview versus questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 20:43–50. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199607)20:1<43:AID-EAT5>3.0.CO;2-4
Guest T (2000) Using the eating disorder examination in the assessment of bulimia and anorexia: issues of reliability and validity. Soc Work Health Care 31:71–83. doi:10.1300/J010v31n04_05
Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C, Beumont PJ (2004) Validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in screening for eating disorders in community samples. Behav Res Ther 42:551–567. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00161-X
Sysko R, Walsh BT, Fairburn CG (2005) Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire as a measure of change in patients with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 37:100–106. doi:10.1002/eat.20078
Berg KC, Peterson CB, Frazier P, Crow SJ (2011) Convergence of scores on the interview and questionnaire versions of the Eating Disorder Examination: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Assess 23:714–724. doi:10.1037/a0023246
Berg KC, Peterson CB, Frazier P, Crow SJ (2012) Psychometric evaluation of the eating disorder examination and eating disorder examination-questionnaire: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord 45:428–438. doi:10.1002/eat.20931
Wilson GT, Nonas CA, Rosenblum GD (1993) Assessment of binge eating in obese patients. Int J Eat Disord 13:25–33
Elder KA, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Rothschild BS, Burke-Martindale CH, Brody ML (2006) Comparison of two self-report instruments for assessing binge eating in bariatric surgery candidates. Behav Res Ther 44:545–560. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.04.003
Engelsen BK, Laberg JC (2001) A comparison of three questionnaires (EAT-12, EDI, and EDE-Q) for assessment of eating problems in healthy female adolescents. Nord J Psychiatry 55:129–135. doi:10.1080/08039480151108589
Ro O, Reas DL, Stedal K (2015) Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in Norwegian Adults: discrimination between female controls and eating disorder patients. Eur Eat Disord Rev 23:408–412. doi:10.1002/erv.2372
Aardoom JJ, Dingemans AE, Slof Op’t Landt MC, Van Furth EF (2012) Norms and discriminative validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Eat Behav 13:305–309. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.09.002
Luce KH, Crowther JH (1999) The reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Self-Report Questionnaire Version (EDE-Q). Int J Eat Disord 25:349–351
Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C, Beumont PJ (2004) Temporal stability of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 36:195–203. doi:10.1002/eat.20017
Bardone-Cone AM, Boyd CA (2007) Psychometric properties of eating disorder instruments in Black and White young women: internal consistency, temporal stability, and validity. Psychol Assess 19:356–362. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.3.356
Peterson CB, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Joiner T, Crow SJ, Mitchell JE, Bardone-Cone AM, Klein M, le Grange D (2007) Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: factor structure and internal consistency. Int J Eat Disord 40:386–389. doi:10.1002/eat.20373
Reas DL, Grilo CM, Masheb RM (2006) Reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire in patients with binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther 44:43–51. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.004
Rose JS, Vaewsorn A, Rosselli-Navarra F, Wilson GT, Weissman RS (2013) Test-retest reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a college sample. J Eat Disord 1:42. doi:10.1186/2050-2974-1-42
Reas DL, Wisting L, Kapstad H, Lask B (2011) Convergent validity of the eating disorder examination and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire among university women in Norway. Eur Eat Disord Rev 19:357–361. doi:10.1002/erv.1068
Cooper Z, Cooper PJ, Fairburn CG (1989) The validity of the eating disorder examination and its subscales. Br J Psychiatry 154:807–812
Pennings C, Wojciechowski FL (2004) The Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Netherlands normative scores for anorexic patients and a non-eating disorder control group. Gedragstherapie 37:293–301
Waller G (2006) Factor structure and clinical validity of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Paper presented at the Eating Disorders Research Society, Port Douglas
Becker AE, Thomas JJ, Bainivualiku A, Richards L, Navara K, Roberts AL, Gilman SE, Striegel-Moore RH, Group HFS (2010) Validity and reliability of a Fijian translation and adaptation of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 43:171–178. doi:10.1002/eat.20675
Allen KL, Byrne SM, Lampard A, Watson H, Fursland A (2011) Confirmatory factor analysis of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Eat Behav 12:143–151. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.01.005
Barnes J, Prescott T, Muncer S (2012) Confirmatory factor analysis for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: evidence supporting a three-factor model. Eat Behav 13:379–381. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.05.001
Penelo E, Negrete A, Portell M, Raich RM (2013) Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and norms for rural and urban adolescent males and females in Mexico. PLoS One 8:e83245. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083245
Machado PP, Martins C, Vaz AR, Conceicao E, Bastos AP, Goncalves S (2014) Eating disorder examination questionnaire: psychometric properties and norms for the Portuguese population. Eur Eat Disord Rev 22:448–453. doi:10.1002/erv.2318
Grilo CM, Reas DL, Hopwood CJ, Crosby RD (2015) Factor structure and construct validity of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire in college students: further support for a modified brief version. Int J Eat Disord 48:284–289. doi:10.1002/eat.22358
White HJ, Haycraft E, Goodwin H, Meyer C (2014) Eating disorder examination questionnaire: factor structure for adolescent girls and boys. Int J Eat Disord 47:99–104. doi:10.1002/eat.22199
Chan CW, Leung SF (2015) Validation of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: an online version. J Hum Nutr Diet 28:659–665. doi:10.1111/jhn.12275
Welch E, Birgegard A, Parling T, Ghaderi A (2011) Eating disorder examination questionnaire and clinical impairment assessment questionnaire: general population and clinical norms for young adult women in Sweden. Behav Res Ther 49:85–91. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.010
Villarroel AM, Penelo E, Portell M, Raich RM (2011) Screening for eating disorders in undergraduate women: norms and validity of the Spanish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). J Psychopathol Behav Assess 33:21–128. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9177-6
Giovazolis T, Tsaounis J, Vallianatou C (2012) The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire. Eur J Psychol Assess 29:189–196
Hilbert A, de Zwaan M, Braehler E (2012) How frequent are eating disturbances in the population? Norms of the eating disorder examination-questionnaire. PLoS One 7:e29125. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029125
Ro O, Reas DL, Lask B (2010) Norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire among female university students in Norway. Nord J Psychiatry 64:428–432. doi:10.3109/08039481003797235
Yucel B, Polat A, Ikiz T, Dusgor BP, Elif Yavuz A, Sertel Berk O (2011) The Turkish version of the eating disorder examination questionnaire: reliability and validity in adolescents. Eur Eat Disord Rev 19:509–511. doi:10.1002/erv.1104
Hilton A, Skrutkowski M (2002) Translating instruments into other languages: development and testing processes. Cancer Nurs 25:1–7
Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE (1982) The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med 12:871–878
Saporetti G, Sancini S, Bassoli L, Castelli B, Pellai A (2004) Risk assessment for eating disorders in a high school: a study based on the Eating Attitudes Test 26. Minerva Pediatr 56:83–90
Grilo CM, Henderson KE, Bell RL, Crosby RD (2013) Eating disorder examination-questionnaire factor structure and construct validity in bariatric surgery candidates. Obes Surg 23:657–662. doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0840-8
Hu LBP (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling Multidiscip J 6:1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Chen F (2007) Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling 14:464–504
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Calugi, S., Milanese, C., Sartirana, M. et al. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Italian version. Eat Weight Disord 22, 509–514 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0276-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0276-6