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Wave forces on a concave front pile-supported breakwater combined with wave screen under regular waves

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Abstract

Most of the previous studies on the curved front Pile-Supported Breakwaters (PSB) dealt with the wave transmission past the structure and wave reflection. Fewer studies have reported wave-induced pressures on the front face of curved front PSB. The structure geometry and a limited number of pressure port locations are the uncertainties in integrating the measured dynamic pressures on the front face for obtaining the wave force. Therefore, in the present study, the wave-induced pressures, total forces, and moments on a circular cum parabola shape pile-supported breakwater (CPS-PSB) model are investigated through experiments carried out in a wave flume. The CPS-PSB is subjected to the action of regular waves in intermediate to deep-water conditions. The effect of integrating a tubular wave screen (TWS) on its seaside is also studied. It is found that the CPS-PSB experiences more vertical force for a higher submergence depth and the maximum vertical force is about 1.2 times the maximum horizontal force. The presence of TWS reduces the vertical force for the higher relative submergence, with a maximum reduction of about 50%, which still does not significantly reduce the horizontal force on CPS-PSB even though the pressures are reduced on the concave profile. There is also an increase in the magnitude of vertical forces in the presence of TWS with a reduction in h/d for long waves. The trend in the variation of the moment is similar to that of the horizontal force. The CPS-PSB in the absence of the wave screen is suggested as a better option for application in deeper waters.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

a :

Height of the superstructure from beam top

B :

Width of the breakwater (i.e., length along the wave direction)

D :

Pile diameter

d :

Water depth

D T :

Diameter of the tubular section in wave screen

F H :

Horizontal force

F V :

Vertical force

h :

Depth of submergence of the superstructure

H i :

Incident wave height

L :

Wave length

M :

Inline moment

P sh :

Peak pressure (shoreward)

r :

Pile height up to beam top

s :

Pile spacing in the transverse direction

s T :

Clear spacing between the tubular sections in wave screen

T :

Wave period

z :

Elevation from still water level

η :

Wave elevation

λ :

Length of the breakwater

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Acknowledgements

A part of the research study is supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the “SPLICE—Climate Change” Program with the reference number DST/CCP/CoE/141/2018(C).

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Shipping, Government of India [Grant No. S2-25021/2/2017-SM]. A part of the research study is supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the “SPLICE—Climate Change” Program with the reference number DST/CCP/CoE/141/2018(C).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    S. Vasanthakumar, S. Karthik Ramnarayan, S. A. Sannasiraj & V. Sundar

Authors
  1. S. Vasanthakumar
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  2. S. Karthik Ramnarayan
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  3. S. A. Sannasiraj
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  4. V. Sundar
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Correspondence to S. A. Sannasiraj.

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Appendix: Uncertainty analysis

Appendix: Uncertainty analysis

The uncertainty WR of computed variable ‘R’ in an experiment is a function of variables X1, X2,… Xn, each having uncertainties W1, W2, … Wn is given as (Holman and Gajda 1989)

$$W_{R} \!=\! \left[ {\left( {\frac{\partial R}{{\partial X_{1} }} \!\times\! W_{1} } \right)^{2} \!+\! \left( {\frac{\partial R}{{\partial X_{2} }} \times W_{2} } \right)^{2} \!+\! \cdots \quad + \left( {\frac{\partial R}{{\partial X_{n} }} \times W_{n} } \right)^{2} } \right]^{\frac{1}{2}}$$
(11)

The uncertainties for the various hydrodynamic parameter measurements are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 Uncertainty analysis
Full size table

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Vasanthakumar, S., Karthik Ramnarayan, S., Sannasiraj, S.A. et al. Wave forces on a concave front pile-supported breakwater combined with wave screen under regular waves. J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy 9, 319–339 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-022-00270-x

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