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Extrinsic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lymphocytes by Vitamin A

  • In Vitro and In Vivo Models in Stem Cell Biology (E Scott, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Vitamin A and its receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RARs), are key regulators of hematopoiesis. This review focuses on the extrinsic regulation of hematopoiesis by retinoids, predominantly focusing on studies in mice, but also highlighting some of the studies performed using human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Recent Findings

RARγ has key roles in regulating B and T lymphocytes via distinct bone marrow mesenchymal cells and thymic microenvironment cells, respectively. The hematopoietic phenotypes caused by vitamin A deficiency are largely due to microenvironment-induced phenotypes that occur due to RARγ deficiency. Studies using human HSCs have also revealed that the biologically active form of vitamin A increases the HSC-support potential of immature mesenchymal cell lines.

Summary

Distinct roles have been revealed for different vitamin A receptors in regulating hematopoiesis. Further elucidation of the mechanisms whereby the RARs extrinsically regulate immune cells and HSCs may provide insights leading to the development of improved therapeutics to manipulate the numbers of these cells in normal and diseased states.

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Funding

This review was supported in part by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1127551 to LEP) and the Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support Program (to St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia

    Chacko Joseph, Alanna C. Green, Diannita Kwang & Louise E. Purton

  2. Department of Medicine at St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia

    Chacko Joseph, Alanna C. Green, Diannita Kwang & Louise E. Purton

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Chacko Joseph

  4. Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK

    Alanna C. Green

  5. The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK

    Alanna C. Green

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  1. Chacko Joseph
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  2. Alanna C. Green
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  4. Louise E. Purton
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Correspondence to Louise E. Purton.

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Chacko Joseph, Alanna C. Green, Diannita Kwang, and Louise E Purton declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Chacko Joseph and Alanna C. Green are equal first authors.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on In Vitro and In Vivo Models in Stem Cell Biology

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Joseph, C., Green, A.C., Kwang, D. et al. Extrinsic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lymphocytes by Vitamin A. Curr Stem Cell Rep 4, 282–290 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-018-0142-8

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