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Monitoring and assessment of anthropogenic impacts on water quality by estimating the BMWP and ASPT indices for a headwater stream in Doon Valley, India

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Abstract

The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic stresses on physico-chemical attributes and the abundance of macroinvertebrates during a period of one year from November 2017 to October 2018. Two important sampling sites (reference site S1; impacted site S2) characterized by various human activities were identified along the river. Anthropogenic activities were common at the impacted site (S2). High concentrations of TDS, phosphates, nitrates, sodium, turbidity, and conductivity were recorded at site S2. Based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis, a few parameters including the dissolved oxygen, water velocity, TDS, turbidity, pH and nitrates shape the taxonomic order and species of macroinvertebrate in the Baldi River. The dominance of species under Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders at site S1 indicated the stress-free conditions, whereas an increase in the density of Oligochaeta and Diptera (Chrimonoids) at site S2 represented serious anthropogenic stress condition. Lower values of biotic indices (Shannon–Weiner diversity index, EPT %, BMWP, and ASPT) also indicated a disturbance at site S2. Degradation in water quality, decrease in the dominance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, and an increase in Annelids and Chrimonoids are the key factors that reflect anthropogenic stress on the Baldi River.

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Data availability

All data will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

WT:

Water temperature

WV:

Water velocity

Trans:

Transparency

Cond:

Conductivity

TU:

Turbidity

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

AL:

Alkalinity

CA:

Calcium

HAR:

Hardness

MG:

Magnesium

NI:

Nitrates

PHOS:

Phosphates

NA:

Sodium

K:

Potassium

SUL:

Sulfates

CM:

CPOM

FM:

FPOM

E:

Ephemeroptera

P:

Plecoptera

T:

Tricoptera

D:

Diptera

C:

Coleoptera

O:

Odonata

G:

Gastropoda

Oi:

Oligochaeta

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Acknowledgements

Two of the authors (Neetu Singh and Rahul Kumar) thankfully acknowledge the University Grant Commission, New Delhi, and H.N.B. Garhwal University for providing financial support in the form of Central University Scholarship.

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This study was solely funded by the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India

    Neetu Singh

  2. Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 832108, India

    Binod Kumar Choudhary

  3. Department of Geography, H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India

    Sunil Singh

  4. Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMÜ), Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia

    Rahul Kumar

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Contributions

The study was conceived and designed by NS and RK. The study was performed by NS and RK. The laboratory work was conducted by NS and RK. The statistical design and data analyses by NS, BKC and SS. Manuscript was edited and approved for submission by NS, BKC, SS and RK.

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Correspondence to Rahul Kumar.

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Singh, N., Choudhary, B.K., Singh, S. et al. Monitoring and assessment of anthropogenic impacts on water quality by estimating the BMWP and ASPT indices for a headwater stream in Doon Valley, India. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 8, 108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00701-5

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