Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Low-cost optical interrogator system for structural health monitoring

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Optical fiber sensors have great potential for application in civil construction, especially in the field of structural health monitoring. However, one of the barriers to the diffusion of these sensors is allied to the fact that their implementation is quite expensive, mainly due to the high price of commercial optical interrogators. Therefore, the present work seeks to develop a low-cost optical interrogation system. For this, the present study proposes the development of this system based on the use of tunable filters and edge filters in the monitoring of low and high frequencies, and consequent digital processing of the collected signals through the find_picks algorithm and the Fourier transform. As a result, it was possible to observe the adequate functioning of the tunable filters, with the validation of the system using a FBG, and a previous simulation for the edge filter system with frequencies superior to 100 kHz.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data will be available on request to the corresponding author.

References

  1. Bao, Y, David D, Tom Q. Y. L, Calvin M. M, Jeff W. M. 2002. Calibrated swept-wavelength laser and interrogator system for testing wavelength-division multiplexing system. US6449047B1, issued September 10, 2002.

  2. Cawley P, Adams RD (1979) The location of defects in structures from measurements of natural frequencies. J Strain Anal Eng Design 14(2):49–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Dalgic KD, Gulen B, Liu Y, Acikgoz S, Burd H, Marasli M, Ilki A (2023) Masonry buildings subjected to settlements: half-scale testing, detailed measurements, and insights into behaviour. Eng Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Díaz CAR, Leitão C, Marques CA, Nélia Alberto M, Domingues F, Ribeiro T, Pontes MJ et al (2019) Iotof: a long-reach fully passive low-rate upstream phy for iot over fiber. Electronics (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Díaz CAR, Leitão C, Marques CA, Fátima Domingues M, Alberto N, Pontes MJ, Frizera A, Ribeiro MRN, André PSB, Antunes PFC (2017) Low-cost interrogation technique for dynamic measurements with FBG-based devices. Sensors (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Díaz CAR, Marques CAF, Fátima M, Domingues F, Ribeiro MRN, Frizera-Neto A, Pontes MJ, André PS, Antunes PFC (2018) A cost-effective edge-filter based FBG interrogator using catastrophic fuse effect micro-cavity interferometers. Measurement: J Int Meas Confed 124:486–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.03.067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Diniz PSR, da Silva EAB, Netto SL (2002) Digital signal processing: system analysis and design, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Gómez Judit, Casas Joan R, Villalba Sergi (2020) Structural health monitoring with distributed optical fiber sensors of tunnel lining affected by nearby construction activity. Autom Constr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hanto D, Iiyama K (2020) Low-cost interrogation of long-distance and multipoint FBG sensor using incoherent-FMCW optical ranging system. IEEE Sens J 20(7):3599–3607. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2959798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jiang SF, Qiao ZH, Li NL, Luo JB, Shen S, Ming Hao W, Zhang Y (2020) Structural health monitoring system based on FBG sensing technique for Chinese ancient timber buildings. Sensors (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kumen B, and Microchip technology inc. 2009. DS01258B - Op amp precision design: PCB layout techniques.

  12. Li NL, Jiang SF, Ming Hao W, Shen S, Zhang Y (2018) Deformation monitoring for Chinese traditional timber buildings using fiber bragg grating sensors. Sensors (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Li S, Liang Z, Guo P (2023) A FBG pull-wire vertical displacement sensor for health monitoring of medium-small span bridges. Measurement: J Int Measur Confed. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.112613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lv J, Zhongchun Hu, Ren G, Zhang C, Liu Y (2019) Research on new FBG displacement sensor and its application in beijing daxing airport project. Optik 178:146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.09.117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. L. Silveira, A. Frizera, and R. D. Camilo. 2020. “Low-cost techniques for producing fabry-perot interferometers : a comparative study between UV-curable resin cavities and in-fiber cavities produced by the catastrophic fuse effect. In: 19° Brazilian Symposium of Microwave and Optoelectronics and 14° Brazilian Congress of Electromagnetism, 6–9.

  16. Mariana L. K, Marcelo E. V. S, Maria J. P, Maxwell Eduardo M, Anselmo F, and Camilo A. R. D. 2022. A low-cost portable interrogator for dynamic monitoring of wavelength-based sensors. In: 5th International conference on application of optics and photonics

  17. “OPA322 - Texas instruments.” n.d. Accessed April 26, 2023. https://www.ti.com/product/OPA322.

  18. Oppenheim AV, Willsky AS, Hamid S, Nawab SH (2010) Sinais e Sistemas, 2nd edn. Pearson

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ren L, Jia ZG, Li HN, Song G (2014) Design and experimental study on FBG hoop-strain sensor in pipeline monitoring. Opt Fiber Technol 20(1):15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2013.11.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ren L, Jiang T, Jia ZG, Li DS, Yuan CL, Li HN (2018) Pipeline corrosion and leakage monitoring based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology. Measurement: J Int Measur Confed. 122:57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Coughlin RF, Driscoll FF (2002) Operational amplifiers and linear integrated circuits, 2nd edn. Pearson

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dos Santos PSS, Jorge PAS, De José Almeida MMM, Coelho L (2019) Low-cost interrogation system for long-period fiber gratings applied to remote sensing. Sensors (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Silveira M, Frizera A, Leal-Junior A, Ribeiro D, Marques C, Blanc W, Camilo CA (2020) Transmission–reflection analysis in high scattering optical fibers: a comparison with single-mode optical fiber. Opt Fiber Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sousa I, Pereira L, Mesquita E, Souza VL, Araújo W, Cabral A, Alberto N, Varum H, Antunes P (2022) Sensing system based on FBG for corrosion monitoring in metallic structures. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22165947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Verstrynge E, De Wilder K, Drougkas A, Voet E, Van Balen K, Wevers M (2018) Crack monitoring in historical masonry with distributed strain and acoustic emission sensing techniques. Constr Build Mater 162(February):898–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang J, Ren L, Jia Z, Jiang T, Wang GX (2022) Pipeline leak detection and corrosion monitoring based on a novel FBG pipe-fixture sensor. Struct Health Monit 21(4):1819–1832. https://doi.org/10.1177/14759217211044966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Xiaolin T, Yong W, Qiang Z, Yunzhou L, Huanxin L, Jiaojiao Q, Dongbin Z (2021) A miniaturized, low-cost and portable fiber bragg grating interrogation system for remote monitoring. Optik. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.168054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ye XW, You Hua S, Xi PS (2018) Statistical analysis of stress signals from bridge monitoring by FBG system. Sensors (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhaobo Z, Sheng L, Yibo W, Hongnan L (2021) Structural health monitoring for bridge crane based on low temperature-sensitivity FBG sensors. Front Phys. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.678263

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

All authors acknowledge the FAPES, FUNCAP, FCT, FEDER, CENTRO 2020 and CNPq for financial and technical support.

Funding

This work was financially supported by FUNCAP, Project 01172921/2022 – Cientista Chefe Cultura, by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) – Project 302054/2022–7, and CAPES Foundation. Israel Sousa was funded by FUNCAP with a scholarship under the academic scholarship program. Camilo A. R. Diaz was funded by FAPES, grant no. 2021-45D4X, and CNPq, grant no. 310668/2021–2. Luis Pereira was funded by FCT, with grant reference SFRH/BD/146295/2019. This work is also funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the Regional Operational Programme of Lisbon (POR LISBOA 2020) and the Regional Operational Programme of Centre (CENTRO 2020) of the Portugal 2020 framework [Project Safe-Home with Nr. 072082 (CENTRO-01-0247-FEDER-072082)].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Telecommunication, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Camilo Diaz

  2. Laboratory of Building Durability and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Ceará, Russas, Brazil

    Israel Sousa & Esequiel Mesquita

  3. I3N & Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Luis Pereira & Paulo Antunes

  4. Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Nélia Alberto & Paulo Antunes

Authors
  1. Camilo Diaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Israel Sousa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Esequiel Mesquita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Luis Pereira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nélia Alberto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Paulo Antunes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

CD: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writen—original draft, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, supervision, project administration; IS: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writen—original draft, writing—review and editing; EM: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writen—original draft, writing—review and editing; LP: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writen—original draft, writing—review and editing; NA: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writen—original draft, writing—review and editing; PA: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writen—original draft, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Israel Sousa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Diaz, C., Sousa, I., Mesquita, E. et al. Low-cost optical interrogator system for structural health monitoring. J Build Rehabil 8, 54 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00313-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-023-00313-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation