Abstract
Emerging detonation-based combustors have motivated the study of the use of real distillate fuels for detonation devices. However, NOx emissions from real distillate fuel in a detonating environment have so far received very little attention. Therefore, it is essential to address the NOx emissions from a real distillate fuel in an extreme combustion environment as it can give us a strong set of information about the emission characteristics of detonation-based combustors. In the current study, NOx emissions were numerically studied for an alcohol-to-jet synthetic (C1) fuel for its potential application in detonation-based combustors. The study aims to enhance the qualitative understanding of the NOx emissions from a synthetic biofuel in detonation-based combustors. Also, primary methods of NOx reduction, such as the utilization of lean mixtures or dilution with inert diluents, are investigated in the present study for C1-air mixtures. For the mixtures and operating conditions featuring promising detonability, the formation of the oxides of nitrogen under detonating conditions has been studied using a detailed hybrid chemistry reaction model combined with the NOx model of Glarborg et al. The computations were carried out to cover a broad range of conditions where NOx emissions from stoichiometric C1-air detonations were studied. The computations were then extended to include the effect of the mixture's initial conditions, where the effects of varying equivalence ratios (φ), initial pressure (P0), and initial temperature (T0) on NOx emissions were studied. Additionally, computations were also carried out to study the effect of dilution on NOx emissions using inert gases such as argon and helium. The present study lays the groundwork for the optimized operation of liquid hydrocarbon-fueled detonation-based engines and enables an insight into the potential measures that can be employed for reduced NOx emissions in such devices.
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Abbreviations
- Δi :
-
Induction zone length (mm)
- τ i :
-
Induction delay time (µs)
- Δr :
-
Reaction zone length (mm)
- τ r :
-
Reaction time (µs)
- Δrecom :
-
Recombination zone length (mm)
- τ recom :
-
Recombination time (µs)
- T CJ :
-
Post-detonation temperature (K)
- T VN :
-
Post-shock temperature (K)
- NOx :
-
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO + NO2 + N2O)
- T 0 :
-
Initial temperature (K)
- P 0 :
-
Initial pressure (atm)
- φ :
-
Equivalence ratio (–)
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support for this work from the Aeronautics R&D Board, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India vide Sanction Letter # ARDB/01/1042000M/I.
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Dahake, A., Singh, R.K. & Singh, A.V. Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from a Bio-derived Jet Fuel Under Detonating Conditions. Trans Indian Natl. Acad. Eng. 8, 69–80 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-022-00378-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-022-00378-4