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Relationship between substrate, physico-chemical parameters and foraminiferal tests in the Doñana National Park, a Biosphere Reserve in SW Spain

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Abstract

A multidisciplinar analysis of sediments collected in different environments of the Doñana National Park (Guadalquivir estuary, SW Spain) provides an overview of the textural, mineralogical and physico-chemical parameters that control the distribution of benthic foraminiferal tests in this Biosphere Reserve. These microorganisms are absent in the fine quartzitic sands that constitute the substrate of temporary ponds with brief hydroperiods located in the dune systems and spits, as well as in other ponds with low conductivities or hypersaline conditions located in the inner marshlands or near the Guadalquivir river banks. Dead benthic foraminifera are mainly found on phyllosilicate-rich, silty-clayey substrates. The taphonomic analysis of the main species (Ammonia tepida, Haynesina germanica, Trochammina inflata, Entzia macrescens) points to its deposit in situ. Cluster analysis permits to delimitate six foraminiferal assemblages. Cluster II (A. tepida + H. germanica) is the dominant assemblage in the central ponds and the margins of the main channels, while cluster IV (T. inflata + E. macrescens) is restricted to some ponds located on the high marsh and cluster VI (Ammonia beccarii + Quinqueloculina spp.) is abundant on external beaches. Tidal fluxes cause the transport of these last marine benthic species and some plaktonic forms both to the inner areas of the estuary and to these beaches.

Resumen

El análisis multidisciplinar de sedimentos obtenidos en diferentes medios del Parque Nacional de Doñana (estuario del río Guadalquivir, S. O. de España) proporciona una visión general de los parámetros texturales, mineralógicos y físico-químicos que controlan la distribución de los foraminíferos bentónicos muertos en esta Reserva de la Biosfera. Estos microorganismos están ausentes en las arenas finas cuarcíticas que constituyen el sustrato de lagunas temporales con breves hidroperiodos situadas en los sistemas de dunas y flechas litorales, así como en otras lagunas con bajas conductividades o condiciones hipersalinas localizadas en las marismas internas o cerca de las riberas del río Guadalquivir. Los caparazones de los foraminíferos se han encontrado principalmente en sustratos limo-arcillosos, ricos en filosilicatos. El análisis tafonómico de las principales (Ammonia tepida, Haynesina germanica, Trochammina inflata, Entzia macrescens) apunta a su depósito in situ. El análisis clúster permite diferenciar seis asociaciones. El clúster II (Ammonia inflata + Haynesina germanica) es la asociación dominante en las lagunas centrales del Parque y los márgenes de los canales principales, en tanto que el clúster IV (Trochammina inflata + Entzia macrescens) se restringe a algunas lagunas situadas sobre las marismas más elevadas y el clúster VI (Ammonia beccarii + Quinqueloculina spp.) es abundante en las playas externas. Los flujos mareales provocan el transporte de estas últimas especies marinas y de algunas formas planctónicas tanto hacia las zonas internas del estuario como a estas playas.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been carried out through the following projects: (a) DGYCIT project CTM2006-06722/MAR; (b) DGYCIT project CGL2006-01412; (c) ´Roman cities of the Baetica. CORPVS VRBIVM BAETICARVM (I) (CUB)´ (Regional Government of Andalusia); (d) ´From the Atlantic to the Tyrrhenian; and (e) CIMA Research Center Project UID/MAR/00350/2013 funded by the Portuguese Science Fundation (FCT). The hispanic ports and their commercial relations with Ostia Antica. DEATLANTIR II - HAR2017-89154-P - (Plan Nacional de I + D + i). Other funds have come from Andalusian Government (groups HUM-132, RNM-238, RNM-293 and RNM-349). It is a contribution to the Research Center in Historical, Cultural and Natural Heritage (CIPHCN) of the University of Huelva. We also appreciate the valuable comments and constructive suggestions of Professor Ana Bernabéu, Professor Hugo A. Corbi and an anonymous reviewer, which greatly helped us to improve our manuscript.

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Correspondence to Francisco Ruiz.

Systematic appendix

Systematic appendix

Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figure 7, 13–14.

1758 Nautilus beccarii Linnaeus, p. 710, pl. 1, fig. 1 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Ammonia tepida (Cushman, 1926)

Figure 7, 15–16

1926 Rotalia beccarii var. tepida Cushman, p. 79, pl. 1 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Astigerinata mamilla (Williamson, 1858)

Figure 7, 17–18

1858 Rotalina mamilla Williamson, p. 54, pl. 4, figs. 109–111.

Bolivina ordinaria Phleger & Parker, 1952

Figure 8, 1

1952 Bolivina ordinaria Phleger & Parker, pl. 3, figs. 1–3.

Bulimina elongata d’Orbigny, 1826

Figure 8, 2

1826 Bulimina elongata d’Orbigny, p. 187, pl. 111, figs. 19–20 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny, 1839)

Figure 8, 3

1839 Bulimina elegantissima d’Orbigny, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 13–14.

Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826

Figure 8, 4

1826 Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny, p. 282, pl. 15, figs. 4–5 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Cornuspira involvens (Reuss, 1850)

Figure 7, 9.

1850 Operculina involvens Reuss, p. 370, pl. 46, fig. 30.

Elphidium complanatum (d’Orbigny, 1839)

1839 Polystomella complanata d’Orbigny, p. 129, pl. 2, figs. 35–36 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Elphidium crispum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figure 8, 5

1758 Nautilus crispus Linnaeus, p. 709, pl. 19, figs. a–d (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Elphidium cuvillieri Levy, 1966

Figure 8, 6

1966 Elphidium cuvillieri Levy, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Entzia macrescens (Brady, 1870)

Figure 7, 4.

1870 Trochammina inflata var. macrescens Brady, p. 290.

Globocassidulina minuta (Cushman, 1933)

Figure 8, 7

1933 Paracassidulina minuta Cushman, p. 92, pl. 10, fig. 3.

Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg, 1840)

Figure 8, 8

1840 Nonionina germanica Ehrenberg, p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 1 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Hopkinsina atlántica Cushman, 1944

Figure 8, 9

1944 Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman, p. 30, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Miliammina fusca (Brady & Robertson, 1870)

1870 Quinqueloculina fusca Brady & Robertson, p. 286, pl. 11, fig. 2.

Nonion fabum (Fichtel & Moll, 1798)

Figure 8, 10

1798 Nautilis faba Fichtel & Moll, p. 103, pl. 19, figs. a–c.

Nonionella stella Cushman & Moyer, 1930

Figure 8, 11–12

1930 Nonionella miocenica var. stella Cushman & Moyer, p. 56, pl. 17, figs. 17 a–c.

Porosononion granosum (d’Orbigny, 1846)

Figure 8, 13

1846 Nonionina granosa d’Orbigny, p. 110, pl. 5, figs. 19–20 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny, 1826

Figure 8, 14–15

1826 Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny, p. 280, pl. 14, figs. 4–6 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Quinqueloculina fusca Brady, 1870

1870 Quinqueloculina fusca Brady, p. 286, pl. 11, figs. 2–3.

Quinqueloculina laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826

Figure 7, 10

1839 Quinqueloculina laevigata d’Orbigny, p. 134, pl. 4, Fig. 1.

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Figure 7

1758 Serpula seminulum Linnaeus, p. 786.

Quinqueloculina schlumbergeri (Wiesner, 1923)

Figure 7, 12

1923 Miliolina schlumbergeri Wiesner, p. 49, pl. 6, fig. 73.

Rosalina bradyi (Cushman, 1915)

Figure 8, 16–17

1915 Discorbis globularis var. bradyi Cushman, p. 12, pl. 8, fig. 1 (in Ellis & Messina, 1940).

Trochammina inflata (Montagu, 1808)

Figure 7, 3.

1808 Trochammina inflata Montagu, p. 81, pl. 18, fig. 3.

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Guerra, L., Veiga-Pires, C., González-Regalado, M.L. et al. Relationship between substrate, physico-chemical parameters and foraminiferal tests in the Doñana National Park, a Biosphere Reserve in SW Spain. J Iber Geol 46, 21–38 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-019-00116-w

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