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Recent Progress in Fluorescent Formaldehyde Detection Using Small Molecule Probes

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Abstract

Formaldehyde (FA, a typical reactive carbonyl species) is a well-known environmental pollutant and a disease-related biomarker, making its sensitive and selective detection significant. Fluorescent probes have been explored for FA perception in environment, intracellular media and in vivo. In this review, we majorly conclude the recently represented fluorescence FA analysis based on small molecule probes. The general FA sensing mechanisms are first introduced. Regarding the FA detection in various environments, sensing tactics and performances are discussed in order of natural environment, living cells and in vivo. In the end, this review discusses the challenges and future trends of FA detection based on fluorescent probes.

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Fig. 1

Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Illustration of AIEgen–mediated fluorescence turn-on mechanism for FA detection. Reprinted with permission from ref. [25]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society

Fig. 2

Copyright 2016, Wiley–VCH. b Response mechanism of two-photon FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor toward FA. Reprinted with permission from ref. [30]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 3

Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Diagrammatic representation of dual-channel FA sensing. Reprinted with permission from ref. [38]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. c Illustration of PrAK-mediated FA sensing. Reprinted with permission from ref. [40]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH

Fig. 4

Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Diagram of FA-induced ring-opening of azacyclo probe. Reprinted with permission from ref. [45]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 5

Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. b The fluorescence spectra of the TF-FA loaded fabric and cotton test substrates in the absence and presence of FA, excited at 305 nm. Inset images are the corresponding photographs of fabric (left) and cotton (right) test substrates in the absence and presence of FA. Reprinted with permission from ref. [53]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier

Fig. 6

Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Confocal fluorescence imaging of HeLa (a1–a3), L929 (b1–b2) and HepG-2 (c1–c2) cells incubated with 5 μmol/L NFP-G. Reprinted with permission from ref. [63]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier

Fig. 7

Copyright 2016, Wiley–VCH. b Ratiometric imaging of FA in different mouse organ tissues. Reprinted with permission from ref. [68]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. c Schematic illustration of “dual-key and lock” Ru-FA probe for lysosomal FA sensing. Reprinted with permission from ref. [69]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society

Fig. 8

Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Confocal microscopy images of Arabidopsis thaliana root tip tissues after BT-1 incubation without (up) and with (bottom) exogenous FA stimulation. Reprinted with permission from ref. [70]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22074005), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (2202038), the Open Research Fund Program of Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University (PRRD-2021-YB6).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Jiao-Jiao Zheng, Wen-Cai Liu & Zhi-Qin Yuan

  2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Feng-Niu Lu

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China

    Ying Tang & Zhi-Qin Yuan

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  1. Jiao-Jiao Zheng
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Zheng, JJ., Liu, WC., Lu, FN. et al. Recent Progress in Fluorescent Formaldehyde Detection Using Small Molecule Probes. J. Anal. Test. 6, 204–215 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-022-00220-4

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