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Physico-chemical characterization and in vitro biological study of manganese doped β-tricalcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone regeneration applications

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Abstract

This work evaluates the effects of manganese (Mn) doping on the morpho-structural features, mechanical performance, and in vitro biological response of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) derived bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications. Five different Mn doping levels (i.e., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1 wt.%) were investigated, with the β-TCP-based bioceramics being sintered at four temperatures (i.e., 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C). A densification improvement was induced when using Mn in excess of 0.05 wt.%; the densification remained stationary in the sintering temperature range of 1200 − 1300 °C. The structural analyses evidenced that all samples sintered at 1000 and 1100 °C were composed of β-TCP as major phase and hydroxyapatite (HA) as a minor constituent (~ 4–6 wt.%). At the higher temperatures (1200 and 1300 °C), the formation of α-TCP was signalled at the expense of both β-TCP and HA. The Mn doping was evidenced by lattice parameters changes. The evolution of the phase weights is linked to a complex inter-play between the capacity of the compounds to incorporate Mn and the thermal decomposition kinetics. The Mn doping induced a reduction in the mechanical performance (in terms of compressive strength, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus) of the β-TCP-based ceramics. The metabolic activity and viability of osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) for the ceramics were studied in both powder and compacted pellet form. Ceramics with Mn doping levels lower than 0.1 wt.% yielded a more favorable microenvironment for the osteoblast cells with respect to the undoped β-TCP. No cytotoxic effects were recorded up to 21 days. The Mn-doped β-TCPs showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in alkaline phosphatase activity with respect to pure β-TCP.

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Acknowledgements

G.E.S. and L.M.B. are thankful for the financial support of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS-UEFISCDI, in the framework of PNIII-P1-1.1-TE-2019-0463 project (within PNCDI III), as well as to Core Program of the National Institute of Materials Physics within the National Research Development and Innovation Plan 2022–2027, carried out with the support of the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization under the project PC2-PN23080101.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey

    Mehmet Can Arpak & Sibel Daglilar

  2. Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey

    Cevriye Kalkandelen & Oguzhan Gunduz

  3. Biomedical Devices Technology Department, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34500, Istanbul, Turkey

    Cevriye Kalkandelen

  4. National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania

    Liliana-Marinela Balescu, Iuliana Pasuk & George E. Stan

  5. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, Incek, 06830, Ankara, Turkey

    Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel & Kagan Durukan

  6. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey

    Oguzhan Gunduz

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  1. Mehmet Can Arpak
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Arpak, M.C., Daglilar, S., Kalkandelen, C. et al. Physico-chemical characterization and in vitro biological study of manganese doped β-tricalcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone regeneration applications. J Aust Ceram Soc 59, 969–983 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-023-00889-5

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