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Three-dimensional printing of the copper sulfate hybrid composites for supercapacitor electrodes with ultra-high areal and volumetric capacitances

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Abstract

How to prepare electrodes with high areal and volumetric capacitance is very significant for the daily use of supercapacitors. The booming additive manufacturing technology is well suited to this task. However, the selection of materials for 3D printing electrodes is still the focus of research. In this study, 2D layered graphene oxide (GO) was used as the binder and two kinds of 1D nanomaterials including MWCNTs and KCu7S4 were used as conductive and skeleton materials to prepare ink with excellent rheological properties through simple vacuum stirring. The electrodes were prepared by direct ink writing (DIW) printing, freeze drying, and simple chemical reduction. Herein, the 3D printed rGO/MWCNTs/KCu7S4 electrode has a special conductive cross-linking structure formed by self-combination. Among them, the 8-layer electrode at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 shows a gravimetric capacitance of 1674.3 F g−1, corresponding to the areal and volumetric capacitance of 27.8 F cm−2 and 73.1 F cm−3, respectively. This electrode has excellent capacitance retention, which could be achieved at 88.6% after 2000 successive cycles at 2 A g−1. Our work provides a simple and effective approach for the application of copper sulfate materials in DIW printing, and lays a good foundation for future application in supercapacitors and other electrochemical energy storage devices.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (No. 2020L0640, No. 2020L0634) and the Applied Basic Research Program Project of Shanxi Province (No. 201901D211455).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030000, China

    Yanliang Zhao, Fei Liu, Zhanyong Zhao & Peikang Bai

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, 030000, China

    Yanliang Zhao, Fei Liu & Kaijin Zhu

  3. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Peikang Bai

  4. Advanced Materials Division, Engineered Multifunctional Composites (EMC) Nanotech LLC, Knoxville, TN, 37934, USA

    Srihari Maganti

  5. Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Srihari Maganti

  6. Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Srihari Maganti

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  1. Yanliang Zhao
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  2. Fei Liu
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  3. Kaijin Zhu
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  5. Zhanyong Zhao
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Correspondence to Peikang Bai.

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Highlights

• Three-dimensional printed rGO/MWCNTs/KCu7S4 shows high areal capacitance of 27.8 F cm−2 and volumetric capacitance of 73.1 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1 and good capacitance retention.

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Zhao, Y., Liu, F., Zhu, K. et al. Three-dimensional printing of the copper sulfate hybrid composites for supercapacitor electrodes with ultra-high areal and volumetric capacitances. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 5, 1537–1547 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00430-5

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