Abstract
Late blight disease, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a consistent challenge in potato-growing regions of the world. In the current scenario of sustainable disease management, the minimization of the fungicide burden and utilization of alternative chemicals are crucial in managing this devastating disease. On Petri dishes, detached leaf assays, screening chambers, and field conditions, we examined six chemicals (chitosan, beta-aminobutyric acid, jasmonic acid, riboflavin, salicylic acid, phosphorous acid) as plant defense activators for their ability to inhibit the late blight pathogen. All tested chemicals significantly reduced the mycelial growth of P. infestans (p < 0.05). The reduction rate increased with an increase in the concentration of tested chemicals. However, the phosphorous acid had shown a complete inhibition of mycelial growth at 200 ppm concentration. Even at 100 ppm, phosphorous acid exhibited 75.59% mycelial growth inhibition. Under screening chamber conditions, the least disease severity (22.33%) was observed in phosphorous acid-treated plants, followed by beta-aminobutyric acid (35.00%) as against 86.67% in the untreated control. The disease severity reduction was more in the susceptible cv. Kufri Jyoti (53.75%) than in moderately resistant Kufri Himalini (41.18%). The effect of phosphorous acid-supplemented chemicals on disease progression revealed that there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect of disease severity mitigation with individual or combined treatments of tested chemicals on cv. Kufri Jyoti. The lowest infection level was evident in the treatment of recommended concentration of fungicide dimethomorph and the next best treatment was the combination of phosphorous acid and chlorothalonil (with half the recommended concentration). The treatment combination of half the recommended concentration of fungicide with phosphorous acid was as effective as the full concentration of recommended chemical for cymoxanil + mancozeb, dimethomorph, and chlorothalonil. The yield performance observed in phosphorous acid-supplemented plots was also significantly higher than that of the respective control. With the observation of great complementary effects, it can be comprehended that phosphorus acid could be one of the suitable components of an integrated management scheme. The reduced fungicide concentration will be crucial in attaining the goal of environmental sustainability.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Mr. Rakesh Patyal (Senior Technical Officer), and Mrs. Manjeet Syal (Technical Officer) ICAR-CPRI Shimla for technical support.
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This work was supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), India.
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SS: Planning, supervision, writing original draft; SuS, VS, ML: execution and experimentation, RKT: Revision, editing, and data analysis.
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Sharma, S., Sundaresha, S., Tiwari, R.K. et al. Effect of phosphorous acid on late blight disease mitigation and minimization of fungicide doses under field conditions. J Plant Pathol 105, 825–836 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01376-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01376-3