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Assessment of mycorrhizal association of a threatened medicinal plant Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (Verbenaceae) in different ecological variations

  • Environmental Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

Mycorrhizae association is reported to enhance the survivability of the host plant under adverse environmental conditions. The present study aims to explore the mycorrhizal association in the roots of different ecotypes of a threatened medicinal plant, Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (Verbenaceae), collected from W.B., India, which correlates the degree of root colonization to the nutritional status of the native soil. Ten ecotypes of C. indicum having diverse morphological variations were collected. The mycorrhizae were characterized by both morphological and molecular methods. The nutritional status of the native soils was estimated. The study revealed that all the ecotypes have an association with mycorrhizal forms like hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles. The molecular analysis showed Glomus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis as the associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A significant variation in arbuscule and vesicle formation was found growing in the varied nutritional statuses concerning soil parameters. The arbuscule was found negatively correlated with pH, conductivity, and potassium and positively correlated with organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The vesicle was found positively correlated with pH, organic carbon, and potassium and negatively correlated with conductivity, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The interaction between conductivity: nitrogen, conductivity: phosphorus, organic-carbon: nitrogen, and pH: conductivity was significant in influencing vesicle formation. However, none of the interactions between parameters was found significant in influencing arbuscule formation. Thus, the study concludes that G. intraradices and R. irregularis are the principle mycorrhizae forming the symbiotic association with the threatened medicinal plant, C. indicum. They form vesicles and arbuscules based on their soil nutritive factors. Therefore, a large-scale propagation through a selective AMF association would help in the conservation of this threatened species from extinction.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Mr. Indrajit Mandal (Research Scholar) and Professor Swadesh Pal, Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda-732103, W.B., India, for providing the geographical map of West Bengal. We are grateful to Dr. Biraj Sarkar (Research Scholar) and Dr. Sukhendu Mandal, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta University, for the phylogenetic tree preparation. We are grateful to the Soil testing laboratory, Govt. of West Bengal, English Bazar, Malda-732103 for soil nutritional parameters analysis. We are also grateful to Late Prof. Pankaj Kumar Pal, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, W.B., India for his valuable suggestion and guidance in this research work.

Availability of data and material

The data has been submitted as a supplementary compressed file along with this article.

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Database accession numbers

The GenBank Accession number of Glomus sp. clones of Clerosp_ Gour-01 is MN134340, that of Clerosp_ Sabang is MN134343, and that of Clerosp_ NBU-01 is MN134341. The Glomus sp. clones were marked along with GenBank Ac. No. as in the phylogenetic tree.

Funding

This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, for funding the project [Sanction letter No.: 285/(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/2G-10/2017, Dated: 28.03.2018] and by UGC-DAE-CRS (Sanction letter No.: UGC-DAE-CSR-KC/CRS/19/RB-02/1045/1063; Dated: 10.05.2019).

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  1. Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, P.O. Mokdumpur, Malda, W.B., 732103, India

    Prashanta Kumar Mitra, Rajsekhar Adhikary, Ashutosh Kundu & Vivekananda Mandal

  2. Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Nadia, W.B., 741235, India

    Prashanta Kumar Mitra

  3. Department of Botany, Kaliachak College, Malda, W.B., 732 103, India

    Prithwish Mandal

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Prashanta Kumar Mitra, Rajsekhar Adhikary, and Ashutosh Kundu performed the material preparation, data collection, and analysis. Prashanta Kumar Mitra, Rajsekhar Adhikary, and Ashutosh Kundu wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conceptualization and design of experimentation: Vivekananda Mandal; methodology: Prashanta Kumar Mitra, Rajsekhar Adhikary, Prithwish Mandal, and Ashutosh Kundu did the experimentations; Prashanta Kumar Mitra did the statistical analysis and data analysis for its presentation; formal analysis and investigation: Prashanta Kumar Mitra, Rajsekhar Adhikary; writing — original draft preparation: Prashanta Kumar Mitra, Rajsekhar Adhikary. All the authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved; writing — review and editing: Vivekananda Mandal; supervision: Vivekananda Mandal; funding acquisition: Vivekananda Mandal.

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Online documents

1.India Biodiversity Portal. https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229224. Accessed 16 July 2022

2.The Plant List (TPL). http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed 16 July 2022

3.IUCN 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 16 July 2022

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Mitra, P.K., Adhikary, R., Mandal, P. et al. Assessment of mycorrhizal association of a threatened medicinal plant Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (Verbenaceae) in different ecological variations. Braz J Microbiol 53, 2039–2050 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00805-2

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