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Challenges, Configuration, Control, and Scope of DC Microgrid Systems: A Review

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Abstract

Managing natural resources and air pollution has been challenging for humans for quite a long time. A severe manifestation of natural resource mismanagement has been in the form of CO2 emissions from smoke bellowing thermal power plants (TPPs). Besides evoking global warming, the TPPs also foster limited coal reserve reduction with the increasing electricity demand. The ongoing scenario may lead to severe catastrophes until efficient plans for natural resource management are prepared. Many researchers have suggested DC microgrid as a credible alternative for power generation, significantly reducing carbon emissions. Efficient control strategies have brought microgrid technology to the level of other generation sources in terms of system reliability and efficiency. Renewable energy resources can be implemented as a safe, low voltage (< 50 V) local DC microgrid for DC load, reducing the converter requirement with low transmission losses and overcoming the scarcity of electricity. Seamless integration of solar-PV systems and batteries into the DC microgrid will increase the predominance of clean electricity in the modern power system. It will alleviate the air pollution problems generated by TPPs and sequels to enable natural resource management effectively. In light of the above facts, this paper presents a detailed survey on the challenges, configuration, control, and scope of DC microgrid systems. Various predominant configurations, recent advances in control strategies, operation challenges, and DC microgrid commissioning have been discussed. Moreover, a case study illustrating the benefits of DC systems is presented along with the energy-saving analysis compared with AC systems.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Alternating current

CGS:

Cogeneration system

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DC:

Direct current

DER:

Distributed energy resources

DG:

Distributed generation

DVD:

Digital versatile disk

GA:

Genetic algorithm

GW:

Giga watt

EA:

Emerge alliance

EIA:

Energy information administration

EU:

European union

EV:

Electric vehicle

ESS:

Energy storage system

FCS-MPC:

Finite control set model predictive control

IEC:

International electrotechnical commission

IED:

Intelligent electronic device

IIPS:

International institute of population sciences

KW:

Kilowatt

KWP:

Kilowatt peak

LED:

Light emitting diode

LLC:

Inductor inductor capacitor tank

MATLAB:

Matrix laboratory

MPC:

Model predictive control

MPPT:

Maximum power point tracking

NFHS:

National family health survey

NO2 :

Nitrogen dioxide

PSIM:

Physical security information management

PSO:

Particle swarm optimization

PV:

Photovoltaic

RES:

Renewable energy sources

SEPIC:

Single ended primary inductor converter

SO2 :

Sulfur dioxide

SST:

Solid state transformer

SVR:

Series voltage regulator

TPP:

Thermal power plant

TandD:

Transmission and distribution

TV:

Television

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

VSC:

Voltage source converters

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study. No funds, grants, or other support were received.

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  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India

    Rinki Maurya, Surya Prakash & Ashutosh Kumar Singh

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  1. Rinki Maurya
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  2. Surya Prakash
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  3. Ashutosh Kumar Singh
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Maurya, R., Prakash, S. & Singh, A.K. Challenges, Configuration, Control, and Scope of DC Microgrid Systems: A Review. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 18, 1655–1674 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-022-01304-y

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