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Is There an Ace Up Our Sleeve? A Review of Interventions and Strategies for Addressing Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Youth

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Abstract

Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is a major public health crisis posing as a significant risk of immediate and sustained mental and physical health consequences. While a remarkable body of knowledge has been amassed showing psychological, cognitive, social, developmental, and neurobiological consequences of ELA exposure, little has been done to improve the long-term mental and physical health outcomes for youth exposed to ELA. Furthermore, neurobiological processes underlying poor outcomes in this population have been largely left out of prevention and intervention target efforts. In this review, we first describe ELA-related alterations across psychological and neurobiological systems in children and adolescents. Next, we describe existing evidence-based interventions targeting ELA-related outcomes. We then turn to experimental studies examining individual differences in mechanistic functioning consequent to ELA exposure, and strategies that target these mechanisms and modulate disrupted functioning. Finally, we highlight areas of future research that may be promising in engaging behavioral and neurobiological targets through novel preventive interventions or augmentation of existing interventions, thereby reducing negative mental and physical health outcomes later in life.

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Funding

Dr. Kirlic receives research support from the William K. Warren Foundation and the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences. Dr. Singh receives research support from Stanford’s Maternal Child Health Research Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Aging, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Johnson and Johnson, Allergan, and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. She is on the advisory board for Sunovion, is a consultant for Google X and Limbix, and receives royalties from American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

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  1. Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA

    Namik Kirlic & Zsofia P. Cohen

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Manpreet K. Singh

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  1. Namik Kirlic
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  2. Zsofia P. Cohen
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Correspondence to Namik Kirlic.

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Kirlic, N., Cohen, Z.P. & Singh, M.K. Is There an Ace Up Our Sleeve? A Review of Interventions and Strategies for Addressing Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Youth. ADV RES SCI 1, 5–28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00001-x

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