Elsevier

Comprehensive Psychiatry

Volume 33, Issue 6, November–December 1992, Pages 378-383
Comprehensive Psychiatry

Construct validation in adolescents of the Brief Current form of the Parental Bonding Instrument

https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(92)90059-YGet rights and content

Abstract

We have reported elsewhere the development of a brief version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), which we have called the Parental Bonding Instrument-Brief Current form (PBI-BC), for use in survey research in adolescent samples. It was shown in that report that PBI-BC retained the factor structure of the original instrument. The structure remained stable in adolescents' ratings of their mothers and their fathers. Given the evidence of a relationship between the dimensions from the original scale and psychopathology, it was expected that the PBI-BC would be similarly related to measures of psychopathology, namely, that there would be a set of positive correlations between the perceived parental bonding styles of high control and low autonomy-giving and measures of pathology, with a negative relationship between pathology and perceived parental styles of high care and low rejection. In addition, the present study explored the relationships between perceived parental styles and bipolar positive and negative self-concept measures, with the expectations that high control and low autonomy would be associated with more negative self-concept and that high care and low rejection would be associated with more positive self-concept. The results generally confirmed these expectations, suggesting that the brief instrument has adequate construct validity and would be particularly useful as a brief index in studies of adolescents.

References (25)

  • G Parker et al.

    Parental overprotection and asthma

    J Psychosom Res

    (1979)
  • G Parker

    Parental reports of depressives: an investigation of several explanations

    J Affect Disord

    (1981)
  • S Klimidis et al.

    The PBI-BC: A brief current form of the Parental Bonding Instrument for adolescent research

    Compr Psychiatry

    (1991)
  • G Parker et al.

    A parental bonding instrument

    Br J Med Psychol

    (1979)
  • G Parker

    Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders

    Br J Psychiatry

    (1979)
  • G Parker

    Reported parental characteristics of agoraphobics and social phobics

    Br J Psychiatry

    (1979)
  • G Parker

    Reported parental characteristics in relation to trait depression and anxiety levels in a non-clinical group

    Aust NZ J Psychiatry

    (1979)
  • G Parker

    Parental representations of patients with anxiety neurosis

    Acta Psychiatr Scand

    (1981)
  • G Parker

    Parental representations and affective symptoms: examination for an hereditary link

    Br J Psychol

    (1982)
  • G Parker

    Re-searching the schizohreniogenic mother

    J Nerv Ment Dis

    (1982)
  • G Parker
  • G Parker

    The measurement of pathogenic parental style and its relevance to psychiatric disorder

    Social Psychiatry

    (1984)
  • Cited by (38)

    • How parental smartphone addiction affects adolescent smartphone addiction: The effect of the parent-child relationship and parental bonding

      2022, Journal of Affective Disorders
      Citation Excerpt :

      The Cronbach's alpha of closeness and conflict subscales were 0.881 and 0.855 in the study. Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used to measure how adolescents perceive their parent's behaviors and attitudes toward them (Klimidis et al., 1992; Parker and Brown, 1979; Uji et al., 2006). PBI contains 25 items scored on a 4-point scale from “very unlike” to “very like”.

    • Quality of parental bonding is associated with symptom severity and functioning among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis

      2020, Schizophrenia Research
      Citation Excerpt :

      The quality of parental bonding has been reported to be associated with the child’s later development of psychiatric illnesses (Canetti et al., 1997; Enns et al., 2002; Klimidis et al., 1992), including depression (Marshall et al., 2017), and schizophrenia (Ulrike et al., 2002). In general, overprotective parents who show insufficient affection or care seem to be more commonly reported among those with more severe psychopathology (Klimidis et al., 1992) and among patients with schizphrenia (Favaretto et al., 2001; Helgeland and Torgersen, 1997; Onstad et al., 1993; Parker et al., 1982; Ulrike et al., 2002; Warner and Atkinson, 1988). This parenting style is known as ‘affectionless control’, one of the four styles proposed by Parker and colleagues (Parker et al., 1979), where parents provide insufficient care and exert overprotection over their children.

    • The Parental Bonding Instrument: A psychometric measure to assess parenting practices in the homes in Bangladesh

      2017, Asian Journal of Psychiatry
      Citation Excerpt :

      Based on the two parenting dimensions, Parker et al. (1979) identified four types of parenting styles, high care and low overprotection conceptualized as Optimal parenting, high care and high overprotection conceptualized as Affectionate constraint, low care and high overprotection conceptualized as Affectionless control, and low care and low overprotection conceptualized as Neglectful parenting. Research has shown that there is a link between clinical or subclinical pathology and the dimensions of parenting practices measured by the PBI (Klimidis et al., 1992). The PBI has been used to examine the relationships between childrearing styles and mental health issues in adulthood, including mood disorders (Avagianou and Zafiropoulou, 2008; Handa et al., 2009; Narita et al., 2000; Plantes et al., 1988), anxiety disorders (Arrindell et al., 1989; Yoshida et al., 2005), eating disorders (Canetti et al., 2008; Turner et al., 2005), and personality disorders (Panfilis et al., 2008; Willinger et al., 2005).

    • Does parental warmth and responsiveness moderate the associations between parenting practices and children's health-related behaviors?

      2013, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
      Citation Excerpt :

      To the best of the authors' knowledge, the instrument has not been validated in this age category. In young adults, it has been ranked as reliable.38 In this study, the internal consistency (Cronbach α) for parental warmth/responsiveness was .81.

    • The association between parental bonding and obsessive compulsive disorder in offspring at high familial risk

      2008, Journal of Affective Disorders
      Citation Excerpt :

      Several studies of clinical populations have reported an association between parental overprotection and offspring OCD (Hoover and Insel, 1984; Hafner, 1988; Hoekstra et al., 1989; Merkel et al., 1993; Turgeon et al., 2002; Yoshida et al., 2005); in other studies, the association was null (Steketee et al., 1985; Vogel et al., 1997; Barrett et al., 2002; Alonso et al., 2004). Several studies of nonclinical populations (mainly convenience samples of college students) with subclinical obsessions and compulsions also report an association for overprotection (Klimidis et al., 1992; Cavedo and Parker, 1994; Frost et al., 1994; Ehiobuche, 1988), more rejection (Ehiobuche, 1988), and less warmth/care (Ehiobuche, 1988; Klimidis et al., 1992). The literature in this area has many limitations such as small sample sizes, reliance on retrospective report, no account of parental OCD status, the use of convenience samples of college students, low response rates, a lack of or limited parenting data on fathers, and no control groups.

    View all citing articles on Scopus

    Supported in part by a grant from La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga Campus, School of Nursing.

    View full text