Chemotypes of two pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing Senecio species
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of European Senecio/Jacobaea species in forage and their carry-over to milk: A review
2021, Animal Feed Science and TechnologyBiodegradation and utilization of crop residues contaminated with poisonous pyrrolizidine alkaloids
2021, Journal of Environmental ManagementCitation Excerpt :In general, the total PA content was fairly similar to that observed for the Rostock plant material of 796 mg/kg (d.w.). The differences of the PA-composition of the identical plant species from two different locations is striking, but especially for S. jacobaea this is well known and documented as due to two different chemotypes (Macel et al., 2004; Witte et al., 1992), here representing the jacobine chemotype and the erucifoline chemotype as classical cases for Braunschweig and Rostock, respectively. Although quite different in their individual PA patterns, both chemotypes are characterized by closely related structures, all belonging to the PA-subclass of the senecionine-type-PAs consisting of macrocyclic (12-membered ring), 1,2-unsaturated retronecine-type diester PAs (Fig. 1A and B), one of the largest and most diverse class of PAs (Hartmann and Witte, 1995).
Genetic and chemical diversity of the toxic herb Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.) in Northern Germany
2020, PhytochemistryCitation Excerpt :J. vulgaris is one of the species that produce PAs and this becomes relevant for protection against generalist herbivores. Previous studies detected 27 different PAs in J. vulgaris (Joosten et al., 2011): the major ones are jacoline, jacozine, jacobine, seneciphylline, senecionine and erucifoline (Crews et al., 2009; Witte et al., 1992). Depending on the major PAs they contain, two different chemotypes were defined.
Local adaptation in oviposition choice of a specialist herbivore: The cinnabar moth
2017, Acta OecologicaCitation Excerpt :The content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a diverse but structurally-related group of secondary metabolites in ragwort, differs between the two areas. Coastal ragworts are often rich in jacobine-like PAs while those rich in erucifoline-like PAs are predominant in inland ragworts (Witte et al., 1992; Vrieling and Boer, 1999; Macel et al., 2004). To test whether the different habitats of ragworts selected for different oviposition strategies of the cinnabar moth, we used moth populations from Meijendel, a regularly defoliated coastal area and Bertogne, a rarely defoliated inland area.
Characterisation and pathogenicity of Fusarium taxa isolated from ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) roots
2016, Fungal EcologyCitation Excerpt :The seeds also have extended persistence in the seed bank, remaining viable for up to 10 yr (Harper, 1958). Both fresh and dried ragwort plants may contain between 10 and 12 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are toxic to grazing livestock, particularly horses (Witte et al., 1992; Prakash et al., 1999). Consumption of PAs results in severe liver damage in susceptible animals and may lead to death (Mattocks, 1986).