Short communicationThe effects of single l-amino acid substitutions on the lethal potencies of the microcystins
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Cited by (55)
Occurrence and toxicity of microcystin congeners other than MC-LR and MC-RR: A review
2019, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :These differences in toxicity have also been observed in vivo. Stoner et al. (1989) found that MC-LR and MC-LA were more toxic than MC-LY and MC-RR in adult mice. Substitution of a single l-amino acid for another markedly affected the dosimetric potency, but not the pathophysiology of its toxicity.
Analysis of free and metabolized microcystins in samples following a bird mortality event
2018, Harmful AlgaeCitation Excerpt :Experimental toxicity data on birds is limited, and factors such as route of exposure, dose and intra/inter-species variability requires consideration when reviewing the literature. Takahashi and Kaya (1993) reported the LD50 (i.p.) of MC-RR in quail to be 256 μg kg−1 (b.w.), similar to the 111–650 μg kg−1 (b.w.) range for MC-RR in mice (Chen et al., 2006; Gupta et al., 2003; Stoner et al., 1989; Stotts et al., 1993; Watanabe et al., 1988). In other studies, dosing of quail and ducks was conducted using crude extracts or cyanobacterial biomass, with only acute sub-lethal responses observed, including liver damage, oxidative stress and enlarged spleens (Damkova et al., 2009; Kral et al., 2012; Li et al., 2012; Pašková et al., 2008; Skocovska et al., 2007).
Transgenerational effects of cyanobacterial toxins on a tropical micro-crustacean Daphnia lumholtzi across three generations
2018, Environmental PollutionCitation Excerpt :Again, we could not observe this in the treatment of the F0 for which we cannot provide a plausible explanation at this point. Though MCs are very potently toxic to aquatic animals (Stoner et al., 1989; Oberemm et al., 1999) other cyanobacterial metabolites from extract might have generated the observed effects, but we didn't have the possibility to determine in the current study. Continuous exposure to both MC-LR and cyanobacterial extract resulted in aggravated effects on fitness-related traits of F1 generation.
Improved screening of microcystin genes and toxins in blue-green algal dietary supplements with PCR and a surface plasmon resonance biosensor
2015, Harmful AlgaeCitation Excerpt :While these studies establish SPR as a potential screening method, the current immunoassays are limited by (1) long assay times (60 min cycle (Herranz et al., 2010), approx. 17 min cycle for a single measurement (Vinogradova et al., 2011)), (2) only testing water samples and not complex dietary supplements (Herranz et al., 2010), and/or (3) use of an R-specific antibody (Herranz et al., 2010; Vinogradova et al., 2011). Recent studies by FDA researchers and others (Heussner et al., 2012) have indicated that MC-LA and MC-LF may also be present in BGA supplements, and MC-LA has been reported to be equally potent to MC-LR (Stoner et al., 1989). Therefore, an assay using the R-specific Ab would miss these congeners that do not contain an arginine group and potentially underreport sample toxicity.
Identification of microcystins from three collection strains of Microcystis aeruginosa
2010, Environmental PollutionCitation Excerpt :Even though the 7 possible amino acids corresponding to m/z ion 1009.6 were identified, more assays are necessary to confirm the MC-HilR assignation. The peak at m/z 1002.5 (MC-3, Table 3) could correspond to three known MCs: MC-LY (Stoner et al., 1989), [L-Ser7] MC-EE(OMe) (Namikoshi et al., 1998) and [D-Asp3, Ser7] MC-E(OMe)E(OMe) (Namikoshi et al., 1998). In this case, the observed Tyr-like UV spectrum (maximum absorption at 232 nm, not shown), suggested the MC-LY ascription.