A honeycomb sandwich structure vacuum jacket for cryogenic targets

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(89)90570-6

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Volume 276, Issue 3, 1 April 1989, Pages 451-455

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90570-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

Cryogenic targets (H₂, D₂ and ⁴He) have been built for use in the study of photonuclear reactions with a π sr spectrometer, TAGX, at the 1.3 GeV Tokyo electron synchrotron. A new type of vacuum jacket, fabricated from plastic honeycomb core and Mylar skins, has been used in the target system for more than 5000 hours. The average radiation thickness and the average density of this jacket are measured to be 3.3 × 10⁻³X₀ and 0.15 g/cm³, respectively.

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Cited by (10)

The large-acceptance spectrometer TAGX for photoreaction studies at the 1.3-GeV Tokyo electron synchrotron
1996, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
The study of photoreactions on light nuclei with the TAGX spectrometer started in 1987 using the 20% duty-cycle tagged-photon beam at the 1.3-GeV Tokyo electron synchrotron. TAGX is comprised of a π-sr magnetic spectrometer for detection of charged pions, kaons, and protons and a 0.85-sr time-of-flight spectrometer for neutrons. It has served in the past eight years as a unique medium-energy-resolution multi-particle spectrometer for coincidence experiments to detect such final states as pn, pp, π⁺ π⁻, ppn, pp⁻, and pnπ⁺ π⁻: some of which were kinematically-complete measurements of three-particle and four-particle final states. Details of the detector components, their performance, data acquisition, event reconstruction analyses, and detector-acceptance calculations are described together with the results of experience acquired in those experiments. A TAGX improvement in the momentum resolution required for charged particle measurements in the 1-GeV photon energy region is also reported.
The total cross section for the 4He (γ, npp)n reaction in the Δ-resonance region
1992, Physics Letters B
This is the first measurement of the total cross section σ(⁴He (γ npp)n) in the range of 135–455 MeV. The σ, which cannot be reproduced by any model, has similar E_γ dependence to γ_T(γ⁴He → all channels). The averaged ratio σ(⁴He(γ, npp)n)/ σ_T(γ⁴ He → all channels) = (2.3 ± 0.3)% is compared with a cascade-model calculation in which quasi-free pion production followed by pion reabsorption is assumed.
A new type of liquid-3He target system using small mechanical refrigerators
1991, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
A new type of liquid-³He target has been developed for photoabsorption experiments at intermediate energies. Using the cooling power of liquid ⁴He at reduced vapour pressure, ³He gas is liquefied into a cylindrical target cell of 180 ml and is maintained at 2.0 K during the experiment. Evaporated ⁴He gas is evacuated by a rotary pump and returned into the ⁴He bath in the cryostat, where two small mechanical refrigerators with cooling capacities of 3 W at 4.3 K and 10 W at 20 K are operated for the purpose of ⁴He recondensation. A maintenance-free operation of more than 1000 hours has become possible by adopting the ⁴He circulation system.
Measurement of the 4He (γ, npp) n reaction in the Δ-resonance region
1991, Physics Letters B
This is the first kinematically complete measurement of the ⁴He(γ, npp)n reaction in the energy range of 135–455 MeV. The ordered-momentum spectra and the double-differential cross sections are compared with the calculations which assume that photons are absorbed either on two- (np or pp), three- (npp), or four-nucleon systems. The ordered-momentum spectra below 400 MeV are reproduced well by pp and/or npp absorption but not by np absorption only.
A trigger for TAGX at the 1.3 GeV Tokyo electron synchrotron
1990, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
We have built an efficient trigger system for the π sr spectrometer, TAGX, which has been constructed for experiments with a high-duty (10%) tagged photon beam. In order to get a reasonable event rate for the on-line data acquisition, a heavy quantum-electrodynamical (QED) background has been effectively reduced at the triggering stage. The design and fabrication of the trigger system are described along with its performances in the ⁴He(γ, pn) and ⁴He(γ, pp) experiments.
A liquid-4He target with a small refrigerator
1990, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A

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^∗: Present address: Software Research Center, Ricoh Corp., Koishikawa Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112, Japan.

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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Abstract

References (14)

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Phys.

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-32

J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ.

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

Cited by (10)

The large-acceptance spectrometer TAGX for photoreaction studies at the 1.3-GeV Tokyo electron synchrotron

The total cross section for the <sup>4</sup>He (γ, npp)n reaction in the Δ-resonance region

A new type of liquid-<sup>3</sup>He target system using small mechanical refrigerators

Measurement of the <sup>4</sup>He (γ, npp) n reaction in the Δ-resonance region

A trigger for TAGX at the 1.3 GeV Tokyo electron synchrotron

A liquid-<sup>4</sup>He target with a small refrigerator