Research paperDevelopment and validation of a mathematical model for the moving grate induration of iron ore pellets
References (28)
- et al.
Heat transfer in fixed bed gas-solid systems
Chem. Eng. Sci.
(1975) - et al.
Methods of increasing production in a travelling grate pellet plant limited by drying capacity
- et al.
Effect of goethite on production rate in a travelling grate pellet plant
Trans. Soc. Min. Eng. AIME
(1973) - et al.
Agglomeration of Iron Ores
(1973) - et al.
Optimization of an iron-ore indurator
Chem. Eng.
(1977) - et al.
Heat transfer between air and nitrogen and packed beds of non-reacting solids
Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng.
(1970) - et al.
Thermal conductivity of iron ores and agglomerates
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Chern. Metall.
(1962) Predictions of Transport and Other Physical Properties of Fluids
(1971)- et al.
High-temperature heat contents of ferrous oxide, magnetite and ferric oxide
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
(1951) - et al.
The mathematical modelling and control aspects of the pelletizing of iron ores
Fluid flow through packed columns
Chem. Eng. Prog.
Simultaneous computation of heat transfer and dispersion coefficients and thermal conductivity value in a packed bed of spheres. III. Experimental methods and results
Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J.
Energy considerations in iron ore pelletizing
CIM Bull.
The Hamersley Iron pellet plant
Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., Ser. C
Cited by (49)
A comparison of the shrinking core model and the grain model for the iron ore pellet indurator simulation
2017, Computers and Chemical EngineeringCitation Excerpt :Induration is basically to heat up the pellets for drying and thermal strengthening. Fig. 1 shows the schematic illustration of the straight-grate pellet indurator, which consists of the consecutive stages for up and down draft drying (UDD, DDD), preheating (PHZ), firing and after-firing (FZ, AFZ), and cooling (CZ1, CZ2) (Thurlby et al., 1979). Gas temperature and flow rates are controlled for each of the stages, and gases are partly recycled for energy efficiency.
Intelligent Control of Grate-kiln-cooler Process of Iron Ore Pellets Using a Combination of Expert System Approach and Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model
2016, Journal of Iron and Steel Research InternationalPredictive models and operation guidance system for iron ore pellet induration in traveling grate-rotary kiln process
2015, Computers and Chemical EngineeringCitation Excerpt :As understood, grate–kiln process is a combination of horizontally moving grate and circumferentially rotating kiln. Mathematical simulations on pellet thermal state within moving grate can be seen in many literatures (Barati, 2008; Majumder et al., 2009; Sadrnezhaad et al., 2008; Thurlby et al., 1979), since moving grate process accounts for two thirds of the world's installed pelletizing processes capacity. The mathematical models are mass and heat balance equations incorporated with kinetic expressions of physical and chemical phenomena, which includes evaporation and condensation of pellet moisture, oxidation of magnetite, combustion of coke breeze, calcination of lime or dolomite, pellet shrinkage, etc.
Successive approximate model based multi-objective optimization for an industrial straight grate iron ore induration process using evolutionary algorithm
2011, Chemical Engineering ScienceCitation Excerpt :There are 5 blowers in the furnace, which are regulated to change the pressure of the flow in the streams. Induration process modeling has reached an appreciable maturity level for different types of induration furnaces (e.g. pilot scale induration furnace (Thurlby et al., 1979)) to detailed simulation of straight grate industrial induration furnace (Kurtul et al., 1994) and grate-kiln induration furnace (Young et al., 1979). Other detailed studies also appeared in the literature for determining effects of various parameters, such as under-bed air injection and magnetite oxidation (Davis and Englund, 2003), gas flow distribution (Cross et al., 1990) in induration as well as the use of data based models (Dwarapudi et al., 2007) for quality prediction such as pellet strength.
Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of wet iron ore pellets on a moving grate
2009, Computers and Chemical Engineering