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Cotransmission in the autonomic nervous system
2013, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :In patients with bladder areflexia following lower motor spinal lesion there is increased innervation by VIP, NPY, and NA-containing nerve fibers to the striated muscle of the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, which may indicate a regulatory mechanism via the intrinsic ganglia and/or the somatic nervous system to help overcome this type of bladder dysfunction. Surgical ganglionectomy leads to increased SP levels in the iris and ciliary body, increased CGRP in pial vessels, and increased expression of NPY in parasympathetic neurons supplying cerebral vessels (Mione et al., 1990). Long-term guanethidine sympathectomy of both neonate and adult rats results in a drastic increase in the innervation of tissues by the sensory neuropeptide, CGRP, probably due to increased availability to nerve growth factor for which sensory and sympathetic neurons compete (Aberdeen et al., 1992).
Autonomic Neuroplasticity: Development
2009, Encyclopedia of NeurosciencePlasticity in adult and ageing sympathetic neurons
1998, Progress in NeurobiologyPlasticity in the myenteric plexus of the rat ileum after long-term sympathectomy
1995, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience