Hydrogen production with visible light using metal loaded-WO3 and MV2+ in aqueous medium

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(89)90064-5

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Volume 14, Issue 4, 1989, Pages 275-277

https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(89)90064-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

Hydrogen production with visible light using Pt, Pd and Rh loaded-WO₃ particles suspended in aqueous methyl viologen solution has been achieved with high efficiency in the absence of any sacrificial agent.

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Progressive depletion of energy resources and large-scale detrimental environmental hazards such as global warming, pollution, climate changes and others have caused an alarming concern among scientists, policymakers and public globally in finding possible solutions to the current crisis. This has led the scientific community from multidisciplinary fields to focus their research on studying minutely the key aspects of this change and systematically identify productive strategies for inhibiting or moderating any possible catastrophic events. Several concerted efforts are being carried out in terms of direct behavioral change or development of environmentally benign technologies such as designing semiconductors through band-gap engineering technique for the harvesting of renewable energy resources into the grid and at the same time storing the energy for operating many real-world applications. In the beginning, this chapter aims to provide the readers about the basic introductory concepts and importance of photocatalysis and supercapacitors along with the presentation of important results. Overviews of the various synthetic methodologies involved in the designing of semiconductor-based nanocomposites are discussed. Finally, the mechanistic pathways involved in particle reinforced nanocomposites which govern the high performing renewable energy systems are illustrated.
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Although least explored, a more energetically-efficient conversion of methane into methanol, is photocatalysis (using abundant and inexpensive reactants such as water, photo-energy and/or photo-catalyst), with a tremendous potential to make thermodynamically-difficult reactions proceed at lower temperature, has been considered by many researchers, as an attractive option [5–10]. It has been reported that methane may be converted to methanol, in a strictly photochemical reaction by first sparging it through a heated (90 °C) water-bath in order to saturate it with water vapor, which is then exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength (λ = 185 nm) in a photochemical reactor [7,8]. Based on a technical–economic analysis of methanol production from methane, it was found that, the direct method could compete with the conventional method (indirect) in terms of production costs if, an 80% selectivity of methanol could be achieved at a single pass methane conversion of 10% [11].
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In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out to study the solar-driven photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels to achieve the primary objective of the cyclic utilization of CO2 due to global warming and climate change [1,2]. So far, semiconductor photocatalysts like TiO2, ZnO [3], CdS [4], ZnGa2O4 [5], Zn2GeO4 [6,7], InTaO4 [8], and WO3 [9,10] have been widely investigated. Among them, TiO2 has attracted considerable attention for its nontoxicity, low cost and stability in the field of photoelectric conversion and photocatalysis.
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Technical noteHydrogen production with visible light using metal loaded-WO3 and MV2+ in aqueous medium

Abstract

Sol. Energy Mater.

Int. J. Hydrogen Energy

J. Phys. Chem.

J. Phys. Chem.

Nouv. J. Chim.

J. Phys. Chem.

Chem. Phys. Lett.

Technical note
Hydrogen production with visible light using metal loaded-WO₃ and MV²⁺ in aqueous medium