Elsevier

CIRP Annals

Volume 66, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 561-583
CIRP Annals

Laser based additive manufacturing in industry and academia

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.05.011Get rights and content

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) is pushing towards industrial applications. But despite good sales of AM machines, there are still several challenges hindering a broad economic use of AM. This keynote paper starts with an overview over laser based additive manufacturing with comments on the main steps necessary to build parts to introduce the complexity of the whole process chain. Then from a manufacturing process oriented viewpoint it identifies these barriers for Laser Beam Melting (LBM) using results of a round robin test inside CIRP and the work of other research groups. It shows how those barriers may be overcome and points out research topics necessary to be addressed in the near future.

Section snippets

Introduction to laser based additive manufacturing

The first CIRP keynote paper dealing with additive manufacturing (AM) was published in 1991 [119] showing the long history of this technology. Since then several keynote papers with the scope on AM as a prototyping [122] and a manufacturing technique in general [134], on consolidation phenomena of the used powders [123] and on AM for nano-manufacturing [136] have been published. Moreover, specific applications like the use of AM for building implants [12] and turbomachinery components [111]

Technology readiness level and research status of Laser Beam Melting in powder bed

As shown in the last section, LBM to date is the most researched and technically one of the most promising AM processes. After the more general overview LBM will be presented now in higher detail. Knowledge on the current state of the technology from technology readiness over machine market to process research will be given.

Current capability of LBM-P and key phenomena

Now the focus again is set narrower in LBM-P. The state of the art in knowledge on the process itself as well as influencing factors is given and the key phenomena currently hindering an easy application in industry are discussed.

Current capability of LBM-M and key phenomena

This chapter is the counterpart to Chapter 3 and sets the focus on LBM-M.

Future research

Several roadmaps for additive manufacturing exist worldwide. They represent different viewpoints and emphasis. A balanced industrial innovation road mapping is given in Ref. [64].

As many issues comprising material, process, and system technology are challenging, intensive and focused research has to be performed. The main tasks and efforts necessary to overcome existing barriers are discussed in this chapter. Developments of the last decade show that LBM is a promising, reliable, and

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the members of the CWG “Lasers in Production” and the participants of the CIRP round robin test for supporting this keynote. Moreover, the authors are thankful to Bhrigu Ahuja, Corinna Bischof, Raik Dörfert, Daniel Junker, Tobias Kolb, Rumbidzai Muvunzi, Adam Schaub, Christian Scheitler, Adriaan Spierings, Thomas Stichel, Felix Tenner, and Mary Kate Thompson for their valuable support to this keynote.

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