Laser based additive manufacturing in industry and academia
Section snippets
Introduction to laser based additive manufacturing
The first CIRP keynote paper dealing with additive manufacturing (AM) was published in 1991 [119] showing the long history of this technology. Since then several keynote papers with the scope on AM as a prototyping [122] and a manufacturing technique in general [134], on consolidation phenomena of the used powders [123] and on AM for nano-manufacturing [136] have been published. Moreover, specific applications like the use of AM for building implants [12] and turbomachinery components [111]
Technology readiness level and research status of Laser Beam Melting in powder bed
As shown in the last section, LBM to date is the most researched and technically one of the most promising AM processes. After the more general overview LBM will be presented now in higher detail. Knowledge on the current state of the technology from technology readiness over machine market to process research will be given.
Current capability of LBM-P and key phenomena
Now the focus again is set narrower in LBM-P. The state of the art in knowledge on the process itself as well as influencing factors is given and the key phenomena currently hindering an easy application in industry are discussed.
Current capability of LBM-M and key phenomena
This chapter is the counterpart to Chapter 3 and sets the focus on LBM-M.
Future research
Several roadmaps for additive manufacturing exist worldwide. They represent different viewpoints and emphasis. A balanced industrial innovation road mapping is given in Ref. [64].
As many issues comprising material, process, and system technology are challenging, intensive and focused research has to be performed. The main tasks and efforts necessary to overcome existing barriers are discussed in this chapter. Developments of the last decade show that LBM is a promising, reliable, and
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the members of the CWG “Lasers in Production” and the participants of the CIRP round robin test for supporting this keynote. Moreover, the authors are thankful to Bhrigu Ahuja, Corinna Bischof, Raik Dörfert, Daniel Junker, Tobias Kolb, Rumbidzai Muvunzi, Adam Schaub, Christian Scheitler, Adriaan Spierings, Thomas Stichel, Felix Tenner, and Mary Kate Thompson for their valuable support to this keynote.
References (271)
- et al.
Design for Additive Manufacturing—Element Transitions and Aggregated Structures
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology
(2014) - et al.
Quantification of Surface Roughness of Parts Processed by Laminated Object Manufacturing
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
(2012) - et al.
Effect of IN718 Recycled Powder Reuse on Properties of Parts Manufactured by Means of Selective Laser Melting
Physics Procedia
(2014) - et al.
Biomedical Production of Implants by Additive Electro-chemical and Physical Processes
CIRP Annals — Manufacturing Technology
(2012) - et al.
Wire Based Additive Layer Manufacturing: Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Components Fabricated by Laser-beam Deposition and Shaped Metal Deposition
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
(2011) - et al.
Processability of PEEK, a New Polymer for High Temperature Laser Sintering (HT-LS)
European Polymer Journal
(2015) - et al.
The Selective Laser Sintering of Polycarbonate
CIRP Annals — Manufacturing Technology
(1996) - et al.
Electron Beam Melting of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb Alloy: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Investigation
Intermetallics
(2011) - et al.
Electron Beam Melting of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb Alloy: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Investigation
Intermetallics
(2011) - et al.
Performance Limitations in Polymer Laser Sintering
Physics Procedia
(2014)