Historical PerspectiveIron oxides/graphene hybrid structures – Preparation, modification, and application as fillers of polymer composites
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Introduction - iron oxide nanoparticles
Iron is the most widespread metal on the Earth, and has great significance for all living beings [1]. It is a highly reactive, easily oxidized metal, also being one of the naturally magnetic elements. Several crystalline forms of iron oxide (IO) are known with the most common being hematite (Fe2O3) that contains 70 mass% of iron, magnetite (Fe3O4) with 72 mass% of iron, and wüstite (FeO) with 78 mass% of iron [2,3]. The wide spectrum of the various crystalline forms of IOs allows for a wide
Methods of modification of iron oxide nanoparticles
IO NPs are characterized by a very high chemical activity and are particularly easy to oxidize. Together with their high tendency for agglomeration the deterioration of magnetic properties the IO NPs is observed. Above features are not desirable in various applications, especially in biomedical fields [[45], [46], [47]], materials science [48], sensors [26,49], etc. The most effective way to improve the dispersion stability and surface protection as well as to prevent spontaneous agglomeration
Polymer nanocomposites with iron oxide nanoparticles
IO NPs, due to their superparamagnetic properties, are considered as an interesting nanofiller to make composites using a large spectrum of polymers as a matrix. Different applications of these composites, such as magnetic fluids, biosynthesis, biomedical applications, drug delivery systems, electromagnetic shielding materials, adsorbents of toxic substances or as a catalyst in solid propellants [126,127] are described.
Polymer composites with magnetic IO NPs are widely used in biosynthesis.
Summary and perspectives
Functional hybrid organic-inorganic materials are combinations of frequently occurring nano-scale inorganic and organic active components. In order to obtain valuable application materials, it is necessary to modify their structure using additional components (polymers, silica, other inorganic substances) that are capable of selective interactions with specific chemical compounds. This new group of materials with defined properties, produced in highly-effective chemical reactions, opens up new
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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