Studied on mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties of BPh/PEN-OH copolymer
Introduction
Matrix resins play an important role in the interfacial adhesion and transferring load stress in composite, which are a key factor to determine the performances of a composite [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Nowadays, BPh represents an important class of thermosetting resin and has been widely accepted as matrix resins in advanced composites for aerospace and electronic packaging applications [6], [7], [8], [9]. However, the BPh resins are brittle as a result of the high crosslink density, poor solubility and poor processability, limiting the applications to some extent [10].
The polymers based on thermoplastic/thermosetting blends or copolymers could exhibit synergistic properties to broaden the application [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Poly(aryl ether nitrile) is one of the high performance thermoplastic resins with outstanding properties, such as high thermal stability, excellent mechanical property and good radiation resistance, and the pendant nitrile groups probably promote adhesion of the polymer to many substrates by polar interaction with other functional groups [16], [17], [18]. In addition, the nitrile groups can also use as a potential site for polymer crosslinking [19], [20].
In this paper, the polymers based on BPh/PEN-OH copolymers were prepared. The terminal hydroxyl groups in PEN-OH could promote crosslinking reaction of BPh, and the pendant nitrile groups in PEN-OH could react with BPh to form a cross-linked polymer. The different polymer structure could be controlled by thermal crosslinking with different procedures and the mechanism of crosslinking reaction was described in detail. Moreover, the effect of crosslinking on the morphological, mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties was also studied.
Section snippets
Materials
BPh and PEN-OH were synthesized through our previous reports [21], [22]. Diphenyl diamine sulfoxide (DDS) was obtained from Yangzhou Tianchen Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., China. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was supplied from Tianjin BODI Chemical Co., Ltd., China. Unless otherwise noted, all reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification.
Preparation of the BPh/PEN-OH prepolymers
A typical procedure for the preparation of the BPh/PEN-OH prepolymers was as follows: the required amount of BPh was
Curing characteristics of BPh/PEN-OH system
The curing reaction of BPh usually requires high cure temperatures and long cure durations. In the present study, the amine groups of DDS and hydroxyl groups of PEN-OH accelerate the polymerization of the nitrile groups, following a similar mechanism and resulting in similar cured products [23], [24]. The curing behaviors of BPh and BPh/PEN-OH are studied by DSC. From Fig. 1(a), an endothermic peak around 230 °C belongs to the melting temperature of the BPh. Meanwhile, the exothermic peak
Conclusion
In summary, BPh/PEN-OH copolymers were prepared by different heat-treatment temperatures and time. The curing behaviors and morphologies of BPh/PEN-OH systems were investigated. The possible crosslinking reactions including the polymerization of the nitrile groups and the formation of triazines were discussed at the different curing temperature. The copolymers showed good mechanical properties and superior thermal stability (T5% > 520 °C). More importantly, the copolymers exhibited excellent
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank for financial support of this work from the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 51373028, 51403029) and “863” National Major Program of High Technology (2012AA03A212).
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Cited by (36)
Toughening effect of self-assembled thermoplastic particles on phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine and improved mechanical properties in the presence of fibers reinforcement
2022, PolymerCitation Excerpt :At present, researchers have designed a series of phthalonitrile resins with different structures and superior performance were designed by the thoughtful researchers, such as bisphenol A, poly (aryl ether) and imide [2,20,21], which are collectively referred to as traditional nitrile-based resin. Nevertheless, traditional nitrile-based resin was difficult to process (long curing period, high curing temperature) [22–24]. Hence, phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine (BA-ph) as a novel kind of high-performance resin which could polymerize at low temperature but applied at high temperature gradually replaced the traditional nitrile-based resin.
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Yumin Huang and Yusi Luo contribute equally to this work.