Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review

Antoine Godard

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010

Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review
[Sources laser solide infrarouge (2–12 μm) : une revue]

Antoine Godard ¹

¹ ONERA – Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 10, pp. 1100-1128.

Résumé
Abstract

Le domaine infrarouge est très intéressant pour de nombreuses applications grâce à deux caractéristiques particulières : (i) il contient plusieurs fenêtres de transmission de l'atmosphère, (ii) il correspond à la région ‘d'empreintes digitales’ du spectre électromagnétique où de nombreuses molécules présentent de fortes raies rovibrationnelles d'absorption. Dans de nombreux cas, ces applications (telles que la chirurgie laser, l'analyse de gaz, la détection à distance, la spectrocopie non linéaire, les contre-mesures) nécessitent de disposer de rayonnement cohérent tel que celui émis par une source laser. Dans ce contexte, le choix de la bonne filière est un paramètre clef. En fonction de l'application sélectionnée, il peut être requis que la source délivre un rayonnement accordable, une faible largeur de raie, un faisceau proche de la limite de diffraction, une émission continue ou impulsionnelle, etc. Cet article passe brièvement en revue les principales technologies, restreintes aux sources continues ou impulsionnelles nanoseconde émettant dans l'intervalle 2–12 μm. Les filières technologiques considérées incluent les lasers solide et fibre dopés aux ions terre-rare ou métal de transition, les lasers semi-conducteurs et les sources paramétriques optiques. Les avantages et les inconvénients de ces technologies sont ensuite discutés rapidement dans le contexte de quelques applications sélectionnées.

The infrared domain is very attractive for many applications owing to two unique features: (i) it contains several atmospheric transparency windows, (ii) it corresponds to the ‘molecular fingerprint’ region of the electromagnetic spectrum where various molecules have strong rovibrational absorption lines. In many cases, these applications (e.g. laser surgery, trace gas monitoring, remote sensing, nonlinear spectroscopy, countermeasures, …) require coherent light radiation as the one emitted by a laser source. In this context, the choice of the proper technology is a key issue. Depending on the selected application, it could be required the source to deliver tunable emission, narrow linewidth, nearly diffraction limited beam, pulsed or continuous-wave (CW) radiation, etc. This article briefly reviews the main technologies, restricted to CW and nanosecond pulsed sources emitting in the 2–12 μm range. The technologies considered include rare-earth and transition-metal doped bulk and fiber lasers, semiconductor lasers, and optical parametric sources. Pros and cons of these technologies are then briefly discussed in the context of several selected applications.

Publié le : 2007-11-07

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010

Keywords: Infrared, Laser, Rare-earth, Transition metal, Semiconductor laser, Quantum cascade laser, Optical parametric source
Mot clés : Infrarouge, Laser, Terre-rare, Métal de transition, Laser à semi-conducteur, Laser à cascade quantique, Source paramétrique

Affiliations des auteurs :

Antoine Godard ¹

¹ ONERA – Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France

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Antoine Godard. Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 10, pp. 1100-1128. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010/

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[93] A. Berrou; A. Godard; E. Rosencher; M. Lefebvre; S. Spiekermann Mid-IR entangled-cavity doubly resonant OPO pumped by a micro-laser, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optical Society of America, 2007 (Technical Digest, paper CThL6)

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