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Consensus between genes and stones in the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Central America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tania Anaid Gutiérrez-García  and
Ella Vázquez-Domínguez
Tania Anaid Gutiérrez-García
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, 04510, Mexico Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Torre II de Humanidades, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, 04510, Mexico
Ella Vázquez-Domínguez*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, 04510, Mexico
*
*Corresponding author. Fax: + 52 55 5616 1976. E-mail address:evazquez@ecologia.unam.mx (E. Vázquez-Domínguez).
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Abstract

Results from genetic and geologic studies can be combined to elucidate some general patterns of the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Central America (CA) and of its biota. Based on an ample review of geologic, biogeographic and genetic studies, our aim was to examine how common genetic patterns can be linked with geologic processes. Considering information about geologic and tectonic evolution of CA, we subdivided the region into four tectonic blocks: Maya, Chortis, Chorotega and Chocó. Species exchange between North/South America and CA encompasses three events: a first migration during the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene, a second through a terrestrial corridor preceding the formation of the Isthmus of Panama (IP), and the third involving a major dispersion through the IP. Such events caused similar genetic differentiation patterns and left a signature on the diversification of extant taxa, which we propose as three evolutionary groups: 1) Mayan, characterized by marked genetic structure and divergence, multiple refugia and formation of cryptic species; 2) Mid-CA, defined by high differentiation at the population level and between highland and lowlands, associated with intense volcanic activity; 3) Panamian, distinguished by migration from north to south and vice versa via de IP, with markedly high species divergence and speciation.

Keywords

BiogeographyEvolutionary historyGABI (Great American Biotic Interchange)Middle AmericaPopulation geneticsPhylogeography
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , May 2013 , pp. 311 - 324
Copyright
University of Washington

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