Purification and biochemical properties of microbial pectinases—a review
Section snippets
Pectic substances and pectinases
Pectic substances and celluloses are the most abundant carbohydrates present in plants. Pectic substances like pectin, protopectin and pectic acids, present in cell wall and middle lamella, contribute firmness and structure to plant tissues. In pectic substances, d-galacturonic acid units are linked together by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages and the carbonyl side groups are 60–90% esterified with methanol. The rhamnose units can be inserted into the main uronide chain and often side chains of
History of pectinase research
The history of pectinases began with an understanding the structure of pectic substances and the mechanism by which pectolytic enzymes degrade pectic substances. Later the microbial production of pectinases became prominent for many decades. Many microorganisms, viz., bacteria, yeast and fungi could produce pectinases. Evidence showed that pectinases are inducible and they can be produced from different carbon sources [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. In the course of time, numerous reports have
Purification of microbial pectinases
In order to characterize and study the properties of microbial pectinases the enzymes must be purified. Important purification methods for the isolation of different pectinases is briefly summarized in this section. Pectinases from various sources of microorganisms have been purified to homogeneity. An exo-PG has been separated from mycelial extracts of Aspergillus niger by eluting from DEAE cellulose with 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.6. Purification was efficient with 209-fold increase
Biochemical properties of microbial pectinases
An improved knowledge of the properties of microbial pectinases is important in commercialization of industrial production and to apply these enzymes in various potential fields. Hence, many researchers have focused on stability, chemical modification and catalytic performance of pectinases.
Conclusions and perspectives
During the past few decades significant progress has been made in purifying pectinases to homogeneity using different purification methods. The literature shows that extensive research has been focused on PE, PG, PGL and PL; surprisingly PMG and other pectinases have received less attention. Even though new affinity matrices were developed for isolation of pectinase, specific and better purification methods such as immunochemical techniques are needed. Lu and coworkers crystallized endo-PG from
Acknowledgements
We apologize to those whose papers and critical studies were not cited in this article because of space limitation. We are thankful to researchers, colleagues and others who helped directly or indirectly to carry out this work. Gummadi thanks G.R.S., G.S.S., and G.R.L. for stimulation.
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