Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T11:06:04.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

European vegetation during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage-3☆

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian Huntley ,
Mary Jo Alfano ,
Judy R.M Allen ,
Dave Pollard ,
Polychronis C Tzedakis ,
Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu ,
Eberhard Grüger  and
Bill Watts
Brian Huntley
Affiliation:
Environmental Research Centre, University of Durham, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Mary Jo Alfano
Affiliation:
Earth Systems Science Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Judy R.M Allen
Affiliation:
Environmental Research Centre, University of Durham, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Dave Pollard
Affiliation:
Earth Systems Science Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Polychronis C Tzedakis
Affiliation:
School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Botanique Historique et Palynologie, Université de Marseille, Marseille, France
Eberhard Grüger
Affiliation:
Abteilung für Palynologie und Quartärwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Bill Watts
Affiliation:
School of Botany, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

European vegetation during representative “warm” and “cold” intervals of stage-3 was inferred from pollen analytical data. The inferred vegetation differs in character and spatial pattern from that of both fully glacial and fully interglacial conditions and exhibits contrasts between warm and cold intervals, consistent with other evidence for stage-3 palaeoenvironmental fluctuations. European vegetation thus appears to have been an integral component of millennial environmental fluctuations during stage-3; vegetation responded to this scale of environmental change and through feedback mechanisms may have had effects upon the environment. The pollen-inferred vegetation was compared with vegetation simulated using the BIOME 3.5 vegetation model for climatic conditions simulated using a regional climate model (RegCM2) nested within a coupled global climate and vegetation model (GENESIS-BIOME). Despite some discrepancies in detail, both approaches capture the principal features of the present vegetation of Europe. The simulated vegetation for stage-3 differs markedly from that inferred from pollen analytical data, implying substantial discrepancy between the simulated climate and that actually prevailing. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the simulated climate is too warm and probably has too short a winter season. These discrepancies may reflect incorrect specification of sea surface temperature or sea-ice conditions and may be exacerbated by vegetation–climate feedback in the coupled global model.

Keywords

BiomePlant functional typePFTBiomizationPollen analysisGENESISRegCM2
Type
Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , March 2003 , pp. 195 - 212
Copyright
Elsevier Science (USA)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

☆

This paper is a contribution from the Stage-3 Project (see van Andel, 2002). For membership, publications, and archaeological and mammalian databases, visit the Stage-3 Project website at: http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/oistage3/Details/Homepage.html.

References

Aleshinskaya, Z.Z., Gunova, V.S. 1976. History of Nero as reflection on the surrounding landscape dynamics, in: Kalinin, G.P., Kligo, R.V. (Eds.), Problemy Paleohidrologii, Nauka, Moscow, pp. 214–222.Google Scholar
Alfano, M.J., Barron, E.J., Pollard, D., Huntley, B., Allen, J.R.M., 2003. Comparison of climate model results with european vegetation and permafrost during oxygen isotope stage three. Quaternary Research 59, 97–107Google Scholar
Allen, J.R.M., Brandt, U., Brauer, A., Hubberten, H., Huntley, B., Keller, J., Kraml, M., Mackensen, A., Mingram, J., Negendank, J.F.W., Nowaczyk, N.R., Oberhänsli, H., Watts, W.A., Wulf, S., and Zolitschka, B. Evidence of rapid last glacial environmental fluctuations from southern Europe. Nature 400, (1999). 740 743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.M., and Huntley, B. Weichselian palynological records from southern Europe. correlation and chronology. Quaternary International 73/74, (2000). 111 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.M., Watts, W.A., and Huntley, B. Weichselian palynostratigraphy, palaeovegetation and palaeoenvironment. the record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Quaternary International 73/74, (2000). 91 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, J.T. Abrupt changes (Heinrich events) in late Quaternary North Atlantic marine environments. a history and review of data and concepts. Journal of Quaternary Science 13, (1998). 3 16.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, N.S., van Andel, T.H., and Valen, V. Extent and dynamics of the Scandinavian ice sheet during Oxygen Isotope Stage-3 (65,000-25,000 yr B.P.). Quaternary Research 57, (2002). 38 48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, E., and Pollard, D. High resolution climate simulations of oxygen isotope stage 3 in Europe. Quaternary Research 58, (2002). 296 309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, J.W., Richards, D.A., Edwards, R.L., Silverman, B.W., Smart, P.L., Donahue, D.J., Hererra-Osterheld, S., Burr, G.S., Calsoyas, L., Jull, A.J.T., and Biddulph, D. Extremely large variations of atmospheric 14C concentration during the last glacial period. Science 292, (2001). 2453 2458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behre, K.-E. Biostratigraphy of the last glacial period in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 8, (1989). 25 44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behre, K.-E., and van der Plicht, J. Towards an absolute chronology for the last glacial period in Europe. radiocarbon dates from Oerel, northern Germany. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 1, (1992). 111 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, A. Long term variations of caloric insolation resulting from the Earth’s orbital elements. Quaternary Research 9, (1978). 139 167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, G., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., and Bonani, G. Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland Ice. Nature 365, (1993). 143 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, W., Labeyrie, L., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clasen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonani, G., and Ivy, S. Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic ocean during the last glacial period. Nature 360, (1992). 245 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, G., Showers, W., Cheseby, M., Lotti, R., Almasi, P., de Menocal, P., Priore, P., Cullen, H., Hajdas, I., and Bonani, G. A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climates. Science 278, (1997). 1257 1266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, G.C., and Lotti, R. Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation. Science 276, (1995). 1005 1010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, W.S., Kenneth, J.P., Flower, B.P., Teller, J.T., Trumbore, S., Bonani, G., and Wolfli, W. Routing of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode. Nature 341, (1989). 318 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, P.U., Marshall, S.J., Clarke, G.K.C., Hostetler, S.W., Licciardi, J.M., and Teller, J.T. Freshwater forcing of abrupt climate change during the last glaciation. Science 293, (2001). 283 287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colhoun, E.A., Dickson, J.H., McCabe, A.M., and Shotton, F.W. A Middle Midlandian freshwater series at Derryvree, Maguiresbridge, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 180, (1972). 273 292.Google Scholar
Coope, G.R. A Late Pleistocene flora and fauna from Upton Warren, Worcestershire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 244, (1961). 379 421.Google Scholar
Coope, G.R., Gibbard, P.L., Hall, A.R., Preece, R.C., Robinson, J.E., and Sutcliffe, A.J. Climate and environmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages from Middle Devensian (Weichselian) deposits of the River Thames at South Kensington, Central London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 16, (1997). 1163 1195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowling, S.A., and Sykes, M.T. Physiological significance of low atmospheric CO2 for plant-climate interactions. Quaternary Research 52, (1999). 237 242. doi:qres1999.2065 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N.S., Hammer, C.U., Hvidberg, C.S., Steffensen, J.P., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A.E., Jouzel, J., and Bond, G. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record. Nature 364, (1993). 218 220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Beaulieu, J.-L., and Reille, M. A long upper Pleistocene pollen record from Les Echets, near Lyon, France. Boreas 13, (1984). 111 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Beaulieu, J.-L., and Reille, M. The last climatic cycle at La Grande Pile (Vosges, France). A new pollen profile. Quaternary Science Reviews 11, (1992). 431 438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, A. Seasonal features of global net primary productivity models for the terrestrial biosphere. Huntley, B., Cramer, W., Morgan, A.V., Prentice, H.C., and Allen, J.R.M. “Past and future rapid environmental changes. the spatial and evolutionary responses of terrestrial biota,” NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change. (1997). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 469 483.Google Scholar
Foley, J.A., Kutzbach, J.E., Coe, M.T., and Levis, S. Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epoch. Nature 371, (1994). 52 54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Follieri, M., Giardini, M., Magri, D., and Sadori, L. Palynostratigraphy of the last glacial period in the volcanic region of central Italy. Quaternary International 47/48, (1998). 3 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Follieri, M., Magri, D., and Sadori, L. 250,000-year pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Roma). Pollen et Spores 30, (1988). 329 356.Google Scholar
Gaunt, G.D., Coope, G.R., and Franks, J.W. Quaternary deposits at Oxbow opencast coal site in the Aire Valley, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 38, (1970). 175 200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giorgi, F., Marinucci, M.R., Bates, G.T., and Decanio, G. Development of a 2nd-generation regional climate model (Regcm2). 2. Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary-conditions. Monthly Weather Review 121, (1993). 2814 2832.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimm, E.C., Jacobson, G.L. Jr., Watts, W.A., Hansen, B.C.S., and Maasch, K.A. A 50,000-year record of climate oscillations from Florida and its temporal correlation with the Heinrich events. Science 261, (1993). 198 200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grootes, P.M., Stuiver, M., White, J.W.C., Johnsen, S., and Jouzel, J. Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366, (1993). 552 554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haxeltine, A., and Prentice, I.C. BIOME3. an equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability and competition among plant functional types. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10, (1996). 693 710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, J.D., Imbrie, J., and Shackleton, N. Variations in the earth’s orbit. pacemaker of the ice age. Science 194, (1976). 1121 1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinrich, H. Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quaternary Research 29, (1988). 142 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmens, K.F., Räsänen, M.E., Johansson, P.W., Jungner, H., and Korjonen, K. The last interglacial-glacial cycle in NE Fennoscandia. a nearly continuous record from Sokli (Finnish Lapland). Quaternary Science Reviews 19, (2000). 1605 1623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jardine, W.G., Dickson, J.H., Haughton, P.D.W., Harkness, D.D., Bowen, D.Q., and Sykes, G.A. A late Middle Devensian interstadial site at Sourlie, near Irvine, Strathclyde. Scottish Journal of Geology 24, (1988). 288 295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolly, D., and Haxeltine, A. Effect of low glacial atmospheric CO2 on tropical African montane vegetation. Science 276, (1997). 786 788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, J.O. 2001. “Geophysical applications of vegetation modelling.” Unpublished PhD thesis, Lund UniversityGoogle Scholar
Kerney, M.P., Gibbard, P.L., Hall, A.R., and Robinson, J.E. Middle Devensian river deposits beneath the ‘Upper Floodplain’ of the River Thames at Isleworth, west London. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 93, (1983). 385 393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krzyszkowski, D., Balwierz, Z., and Pyszynski, W. Aspects of Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial stratigraphy and vegetation in central Poland. Geologie en Mijnbouw 72, (1993). 131 142.Google Scholar
Lambeck, K., in press. Sea level change and isostatic compensation of the Scandinavian ice-sheet during Oxygen Isotope Stage-3. Quaternary ResearchGoogle Scholar
Liivrand, E. Type section of the lower and middle-Valdaian interstadial deposits at Töravere in south-east Estonia. Proceedings Estonian Academy of Sciences 39, (1990). 12 17.Google Scholar
Liivrand, E. Biostratigraphy of the Pleistocene deposits in Estonia and correlations in the Baltic region, Department of Quaternary Research Report 19. (1991). Stockholm University, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Martinson, D.G., Pisias, N.G., Hays, J.D., Imbrie, J., Moore, T.C. Jr., and Shackleton, N.J. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages. development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy. Quaternary Research 27, (1987). 1 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maslin, M., Shackleton, N.J., and Pflaumann, U. Surface water temperature, salinity, and density changes in the Northeast Atlantic during the last 45,000 years. Heinrich events, deep water formation, and climatic rebounds. Paleoceanography 10, (1995). 527 544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meese, D.A., Gow, A.J., Grootes, P., Mayewski, P.A., Ram, M., Stuiver, M., Taylor, K.C., Waddington, E.D., and Zielinski, G.A. The Accumulation Record from the Gisp2 Core as an indicator of climate-change throughout the Holocene. Science 266, (1994). 1680 1682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niedzialkowska, E., and Szczepanek, K. Utwory pylowe Vistulianskiego stozka Wisly w kotlinie Oswiecimskiej. Studia Geomorphologia Carpatho-Balcanica 27/28, (1994). 29 43.Google Scholar
Niklewski, J., and van Zeist, W. A late Quaternary pollen diagram from northwestern Syria. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 19, (1970). 737 754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozenda, P. (1994). “Végétation du Continent Européen.”. Delachaux et Niestlé, Lausanne.Google Scholar
Ozenda, P., and Borel, J.-L. An ecological map of Europe. why and how?. Life Sciences 323, (2000). 983 994.Google ScholarPubMed
Perez-Obiol, R., and Julia, R. Climatic changes on the Iberian Peninsula recorded in a 30,000-yr pollen record from lake Banyoles. Quaternary Research 41, (1994). 91 98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, L.M. Pleistocene vegetational history and geology in Norfolk. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 275, (1976). 215 286.Google Scholar
Pons, A., and Reille, M. The Holocene and upper Pleistocene record from Padul (Granada, Spain). a new study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 35, (1988). 145 214.Google Scholar
Prentice, I.C., Cramer, W., Harrison, S.P., Leemans, R., Monserud, R.A., and Solomon, A.M. A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate. Journal of Biogeography 19, (1992). 117 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentice, I.C., Guiot, J., Huntley, B., Jolly, D., and Cheddadi, R. Reconstructing biomes from palaeoecological data. a general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka. Climate Dynamics 12, (1996). 185 194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentice, I.C., Harrison, S.P., Jolly, D., and Guiot, J. The climate and biomes of Europe at 6000 yr BP. comparison of model simulations and pollen-based reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, (1998). 659 668.Google Scholar
Ran, E.T.H., Bohncke, S.J.P., van Huissteden, K.J., and Vandenberge, J. Evidence of episodic permafrost conditions during the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial in the Hengelo Basin (The Netherlands). Geologie en Mijnbouw 69, (1990). 207 218.Google Scholar
Reille, M., and de Beaulieu, J.-L. Pollen analysis of a long upper Pleistocene continental sequence in a Velay maar (Massif Central, France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80, (1990). 35 48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renssen, H., van Geel, B., van der Plicht, J., and Magny, M. Reduced solar activity as a trigger for the start of the Younger Dryas?. Quaternary International 68, (2000). 373 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scourse, J.D. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and palaeobotany of the Isles of Scilly. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 334, (1991). 404 448.Google Scholar
Seddon, M. Evidence of sustained regional permafrost during deposition of fossiliferous Late Pleistocene river sediments at Stanton Harcourt (Oxfordshire, England). Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 96, (1985). 53 71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidov, D., and Maslin, M. North Atlantic deep water circulation collapse during Heinrich events. Geology 27, (1999). 23 26.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srodon, A. On the vegetation of the Paudorf interstadial (last glaciation) in the western Carpathians. Acta Palaeobotanica 9, (1968). 3 29.Google Scholar
Srodon, A. A communication on the locality of the periglacial flora at Sadowie in the Miechow uppland (Vistulian, Southern Poland). Acta Palaeobotanica 27, (1987). 71 75.Google Scholar
Tarasov, P.E., Cheddadi, R., Guiot, J., Bottema, S., Peyron, O., Belmonte, J., Ruiz-Sanchez, V., Saadi, F., and Brewer, S. A method to determine warm and cool steppe biomes from pollen data; application to the Mediterranean and Kazakhstan regions. Journal of Quaternary Science 13, (1998). 335 344.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teller, J.T., and Kehew, A.E. Late glacial history of large proglacial lakes and meltwater runoff along the Laurentide ice sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews 13, (1994). 795 981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, S.L., and Pollard, D. Greenland and Antarctic mass balances for present and doubled atmospheric CO2 from the GENESIS version-2 global climate model. Journal of Climate 10, (1997). 871 900.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzedakis, P.C. The last climatic cycle at Kopais, central Greece. Journal of the Geological Society 156, (1999). 425 434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Andel, T.H. The climate and landscape of the middle part of the Weichselian glaciation in Europe. the Stage-3 Project. Quaternary Research 57, (2002). 2 8. doi:10.1006/qres.2001.2294 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Andel, T.H., and Tzedakis, P.C. Palaeolithic landscapes of Europe and Environs, 150,000–25,000 years ago. and overview. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, (1996). 481 500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Zeist, W., and Bottema, S. Palynological investigations in Western Iran. Palaeohistoria 19, (1977). 19 86.Google Scholar
West, R.G. “Pleistocene palaeoecology of central Norfolk”. (1991). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
West, R.G. “Plant life of the Quaternary cold stages. Evidence from the British Isles”. (2000). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Woodward, F.I., and Cramer, W. Plant functional types and climatic changes. introduction. Journal of Vegetation Science 7, (1996). 306 308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yokoyama, Y., Esat, T.M., Lambeck, K., and Fifield, L.K. Last ice age millennial scale climate changes recorded in Huon Peninsula corals. Radiocarbon 42, (2000). 383 401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zolitschka, B., and Negendank, J.F.W. Sedimentology, dating and palaeoclimatic interpretation of a 76.3 ka record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, (1996). 101 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar