The influence of storage solution on dentin bond durability of resin cement
Introduction
Shear or tensile bond strength testing to evaluate adhesive resins is widely used [1], [2], [3]. Such tests are usually performed 24 h after the completion of specimen production. However, Burrow et al. [4] pointed out that this time interval fails to provide any other information with regard to the change in bond strength over time for a bonding system.
Several reports have been published evaluating bond strengths over the long term [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. However, these studies have been carried out in various storage solutions in which physical and/or chemical microbial inhibitors were added. Alternatively, investigations into the effect of chemical disinfectants, such as glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, and moist heat on dentin have demonstrated that dentin shear bond strengths are altered when exposed to such treatments [10], [11].
The International Standards Organization document [12], “TR 110405 Dental Materials—guidance for testing of adhesion to tooth structure” (ISO, 1993) has been drafted to seek consensus with regard to bond testing. According to this report, longer periods of water storage may be necessary to determine durability of bonds. Conversely, in the case of screening tests for new adhesive materials, the storage medium used for extracted teeth should be replaced periodically. Prior to tooth surface preparation for a bond test, no preservative should be used because such agents may be absorbed by and alter tooth substance. The use of preservatives may therefore invalidate the results of bond strength measurements.
Although longer-term investigations have used a microbial inhibitor to prevent changes within the storage solution, the use of microbial inhibitors may unduly influence the bond strength recorded. Further, the potential for varying storage conditions which may affect the bond strength have not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of storage solution on the bond durability of three resin cements to bovine dentin over the period of 1 year.
Section snippets
Materials and methods
The resin cement systems, batch numbers, manufacturers and compositions are listed in Table 1. Three resin cements with different components and adhesive properties—Panavia 21 (Kuraray Co., Osaka, Japan), BISTITE (Tokuyama Co., Tokyo, Japan), MASA Bond (Experimental material, Sun Medical Co., Kyoto, Japan) were investigated.
Freshly extracted bovine teeth were prepared within 6 h following extraction and were used as the test substrate. Preparation of tooth surfaces was carried out by first
Results
The results for the shear bond strengths to bovine dentin are shown in Table 3. There were statistical differences between the 1 day results and the changed water groups among all cements (p<0.05). Although there was no statistical difference in mean bond strength between water and PBS storage solutions (p>0.05) in all cements, the results for the shear bond strengths in the changed storage solution groups were significantly lower than those for the unchanged storage solutions (p<0.05).
The
Discussion
Bovine dentin was chosen as the substrate because of the convenient size of the teeth. It has been demonstrated that bovine teeth are a good substitute for human teeth [1], [15]. In this study, freshly extracted bovine teeth were prepared within 6 h following extraction for the test substrate. Therefore, the results of this study were not likely to have been influenced by the effects of storage prior to specimen manufacture. Moreover, the use of the bovine teeth makes it easy to obtain uniform
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