Elsevier

Antiviral Research

Volume 61, Issue 1, January 2004, Pages 57-62
Antiviral Research

Short communication
Antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of DNA and RNA viruses

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(03)00155-4Get rights and content

Abstract

We investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. These hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) as a surrogate model of hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (FLU-A), influenza B virus (FLU-B), rhinovirus (Rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), yellow fever virus (YFV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The extracts all failed to prevent the replication of HIV, FLU-A, FLU-B, RSV and YFV. A xanthohumol-enriched hop extract displayed a weak to moderate antiviral activity against BVDV (therapeutic index (TI)=6.0), HSV-2 (TI = >5.3), Rhino (TI=4.0) and HSV-1 (TI = >1.9) with IC50 values in the low μg/ml range. Pure iso-α-acids demonstrated low to moderate antiviral activity against both BVDV (TI=9.1) and CMV (TI=4.2) with IC50 values in the low μg/ml range. No antiviral activity was detected using β-acids or a hop oil extract. Ultra-pure preparations (>99% pure) were used to show that xanthohumol accounted for the antiviral activity observed in the xanthohumol-enriched hop extract against BVDV, HSV-1 and HSV-2. Xanthohumol was found to be a more potent antiviral agent against these viruses than the isomer iso-xanthohumol. With Rhino, the opposite trend was observed with iso-xanthohumol showing superior antiviral activity to that observed with xanthohumol. Xanthohumol also showed antiviral activity against CMV, suggesting that it might have a generalized anti-herpesvirus antiviral activity. Again, superior antiviral activity was observed with the xanthohumol isomer against CMV. In summary, iso-α-acids and xanthohumol were shown to have a low-to-moderate antiviral activity against several viruses. These hop constituents might serve as interesting lead compounds from which more active anti-HCV, anti-Rhino and anti-herpesvirus antiviral agents could be synthesized.

Section snippets

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by Southern Research Institute, S.S. Steiner Inc. and an NIH grant AI-53574 to VEB.

References (17)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (102)

  • Hops components and oral health

    2022, Journal of Functional Foods
    Citation Excerpt :

    Oral herpes virus infections are common in all age groups. The iso-alpha-acids and xanthohumol have low-to-moderate antiviral activity against several viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (Buckwold et al., 2004; Gerhäuser, 2005). Hop extracts demonstrate antiviral activity against some other types of viruses, including influenza (Di Sotto et al., 2018), hepatitis C (Lou et al., 2013), and HIV-1 (Wang et al., 2004).

  • A merged molecular docking, ADME-T and dynamics approaches towards the genus of Arisaema as herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 inhibitors

    2019, Computational Biology and Chemistry
    Citation Excerpt :

    Phytochemicals such as polysaccharide (galactofucan) (Thompson and Dragar, 2004), polyketides (Mellisol with 1,8-dihydroxynaphthol 1-O-α-glucopyranoside) (Pittayakhajonwut et al., 2018), pheophorbides derivatives (Ohta et al., 1998) were confirmed for their anti-HSV action. A few polyphenolic entities (prodelphinidin β-23, 3/-di-O-gallate, xanthohumol, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin, hesperitin, galangin, kaempferol) have been examined as capable anti-HSV cadets (Cheng et al., 2003; Buckwold et al., 2004; Shahat et al., 2002; De Bruyne et al., 1999; Amoros et al., 1992; Farkas et al., 1977; Kaul et al., 1985). However, antiherpetic potential in terms of herbal origin is quite limited (Raj et al., 2017) need to be explored.

View all citing articles on Scopus
1

Current address: Howpin Consulting International, P.O. Box 3758, Frederick, MD 21705, USA.

2

Current address: Infectious Disease, Cancer and Immunology Research, TherImmune Research Corporation, 610 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20875, USA.

View full text