The onset of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in postnatal rat pups: a C-Fos study
Section snippets
Acknowledgements
Thanks to J. Middleton and S. Beggs for technical support, H. Bester for the gift of the fos antibody. T.B. was supported by an MRC Advanced Course Studentship.
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Cited by (54)
Developmental Aspects of Pain
2017, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 2-Volume SetNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy reduces c-Fos activation in the rat hippocampus: Evidence of a long-lasting effect
2014, International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :The development of the nociceptive system in humans occurs during the second and third gestational trimesters, and continues during the first 2 years of life (Anand and Hickey, 1987). Nociceptive afferents are myelinated in the 30th gestational week (Kostovic and Rakic, 1990), thalamocortical fibers in the 37th (Deshpande and Anand, 1996), and inhibitory pathways during the 3rd postnatal week (Boucher et al., 1998; Van Praag and Frenk, 1991). Although the maturation of the nociceptive system in rats occurs in an order similar to that seen in humans, a newborn rat has a nociceptive system that resembles that of a human fetus at 24 gestational weeks (Dobbing and Sands, 1979; Andrews and Fitzgerald, 1997; Marsh et al., 1997), while that of a 7-day-old rat pup (P7) corresponds to that of a full-term human neonate (Tuor et al., 1996).
Age-related changes in the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis
2012, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :Anatomical studies also support these results where descending serotonergic projection to the superficial dorsal horn achieves the adult pattern and density by postnatal day 21 in rats [3,24]. According to a study of c-fos expression in rats, diffuse noxious inhibitory controls of spinal dorsal horn neurons are functionally mature by postnatal day 21 [2]. In addition, descending inhibitory controls develop in response to the C-fiber input because the descending inhibition of dorsal horn neurons was substantially reduced in adult rats treated at birth with capsaicin [4].
Long-term impact of neonatal injury in male and female rats: Sex differences, mechanisms and clinical implications
2010, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :The PAG is rich in nerve terminals and fibers containing endogenous opioids [96], and opioid receptors are localized throughout the rostral-caudal axis of the PAG [83]. Interestingly, while in rats the anatomical connections for nociceptive modulation are present at birth, descending inhibitory controls are functionally immature throughout the first postnatal weeks [33,48]. The delayed maturation of descending inhibition may therefore contribute to the increased vulnerability of the immature somatosensory system to excessive afferent input, whereby exposure to neonatal noxious stimulation during a critical window may alter the functional integrity of endogenous descending inhibitory systems.
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Present address: Division of Physiology, St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.