Elsevier

Advances in Catalysis

Volume 18, 1968, Pages 259-371
Advances in Catalysis

Organic Catalysis over Crystalline Aluminosilicates

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-0564(08)60430-7Get rights and content

Publisher Summary

This chapter focuses on organic catalysis over crystalline alumiosilicates. Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates composed of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra arranged in various geometric patterns. The chapter discusses reactions over a wide variety of crystalline aluminosilicates and emphasizes on catalysis over X- and Y-type faujasites. Unusual opportunities for organic catalysis were found to exist when these were base exchanged to substantially eliminate their alkali metal content. It is shown that catalytic activity in ion-exchanged faujasites is influenced by cation type, cation location in the lattice, zeolite Si/Al ratio, and the presence of proton donors. The existence of several crystallographically distinct cation locations provides the basis for a potential heterogeneity of sites in catalytic reactions. The Linde workers made calculations for the electrostatic field strengths of surface cations near SII and SIII in an X-type zeolite of Si/Al ratio 1.0 and in a Y-type zeolite of Si/Al ratio 2.0. In both cases, the fields has been significantly larger near SIII than SII at a distance of 2 Ǻ from the center of the cation for the univalent cation-exchanged systems, provided both sites are occupied.

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