Original articleDoppler tissue echocardiography: can transesophageal echocardiography be used to acquire functional data?☆
Section snippets
Methods
We studied 10 15-kg Yorkshire pigs. The study conformed to the guidelines of the American Heart Association for animal research experiments. After premedication with midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and acepromazine (3 mg/kg), the animals were endotracheally intubated and ventilated with a ventilator (Ventimeter, Controller II, Air-Shields, Vickers, Hatbora, Pa). Anesthesia was maintained with isofluorane 2% in a mixture of N2O and oxygen. Arterial blood gases were sampled to ensure adequate ventilation
Results
There were 6 pigs with levocardia, 3 with mesocardia, and 1 with dextrocardia. The maximum heart rate attained in 6 animals was 160 bpm, and 180 bpm in the remaining 4 animals. Higher heart rates were not attained because of the development of mechanical alternans detected by IVA. Ranges of imaging frame rates for TEE and TTE data were 118 to 193/s and 145 to 205/s, respectively.
Mean values are shown in Table 1. There was a tendency for TTE values to be higher than those recorded by TEE. Except
Discussion
Doppler tissue echocardiography is a useful technique to assess ventricular function. We have recently described the Doppler tissue–derived index of myocardial IVA as a noninvasive, relatively load-independent index of systolic function that is applicable to both the LV and right ventricle.7, 8 To further investigate this index and also other Doppler tissue–derived indices, we compared TEE and TTE acquisition of data.
Our data show that values for Doppler tissue data gained from TEE and TTE
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Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from GE Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway, and by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.