Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor-induced Exacerbation of Fungus-related Immune Restoration Inflammatory Syndrome: A Case of Chronic Disseminated Candidiasis Exacerbation

Chronic disseminated candidiasis is a complication of the intensive therapies of hematological malignancies revealed during hematopoietic recovery, a context reminiscent of the immune restoration inflammatory syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. We report a case of severe exacerbation of chronic disseminated candidiasis after pegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration. We emphasize the major inflammatory substrate of the disease and suggest that immune-modulating strategies such as hematopoietic growth factors, should be used cautiously in such patients.