Review ArticlePotential Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Movement Behavior: A Scoping Review
Section snippets
CONTEXT
Automated vehicle technology is rapidly advancing in sophistication and holds the potential to transform economies, ecologies, and societies in various and yet to be imagined ways, prompting a concentration of interest and scholarly activity from stakeholders from multiple disciplines and sectors. An autonomous vehicle (AV) is one that can detect and navigate its environment with little or no human involvement or guidance. As vehicles increase in their level of automation, they employ more
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Because the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews does not currently accept registrations for scoping reviews, literature reviews, or mapping reviews, the protocol for this review was not registered formally. However, procedures incorporated recommendations for scoping reviews32,33 and followed the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews.34
An expert librarian who is a member of the research team searched SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Transport Research International
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
In accordance with PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, Figure 1 presents a flow chart of the search and selection process. The initial search of databases (n=2,730) and manual searches (n=26) resulted in 2,756 potential includes. After removal of duplicates, 1,262 were considered for title and abstract screening. A further 1,070 documents were excluded at that stage. The remaining 192 documents were then subjected to full-text review, which resulted in 70 documents and 252 findings
DISCUSSION
This scoping review summarizes the characteristics of studies examining AVs and MB and describes the potential impact of AVs on MB. For the latter, 3 questions were asked about whether AVs impact MB or mode choice (e.g., public transit), beliefs about MB or mode choice, and impact on environments that may influence MB or mode choice (e.g., parking and green space). Because fully automated vehicles have yet to be introduced on any major scale,3 research on AVs is still in its infancy. Thus, in
CONCLUSIONS
Though no experimental or longitudinal studies have been published to date, the available research suggests that AVs will impact aspects of mode choice and the built environment of people residing in much of the developed world, resulting in reduced walking and more sitting and sleeping. However, impacts on the demand for public transportation and parking are somewhat equivocal. Current projections suggest that fully automated vehicles may account for much of the local travel choices in urban
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
JSC conceived the project, oversaw the design and implementation, contributed to the analysis, and led the writing of the manuscript; YBK coded and reviewed the included studies, performed the analyses, and contributed to writing; CGL coded and reviewed the included studies, performed the analyses, and contributed to writing; CL assisted with coding and provided input on the manuscript; AJM assisted with coding and provided input on the manuscript; APM assisted with coding and provided input on
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