Elsevier

The Journal of Arthroplasty

Volume 33, Issue 8, August 2018, Pages 2358-2361
The Journal of Arthroplasty

AAHKS Symposium
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Cognitive Computing: What Do These Terms Mean and How Will They Impact Health Care?

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.067Get rights and content

Abstract

This article was presented at the 2017 annual meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons to introduce the members gathered as the audience to the concepts behind artificial intelligence (AI) and the applications that AI can have in the world of health care today. We discuss the origin of AI, progress to machine learning, and then discuss how the limits of machine learning lead data scientists to develop artificial neural networks and deep learning algorithms through biomimicry. We will place all these technologies in the context of practical clinical examples and show how AI can act as a tool to support and amplify human cognitive functions for physicians delivering care to increasingly complex patients. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the fundamentals of AI. Its purpose is to demystify this technology for practicing surgeons so they can better understand how and where to apply it.

References (24)

  • J. Schmidhuber

    Deep learning in neural networks: an overview

    Neural Networks

    (2015)
  • D. Wang et al.

    Deep Learning for Identifying Metastatic Breast Cancer

    (2016)
  • K. Panetta

    Top Trends in the Gartner hype cycle for emerging technologies, 2017

    Gartner

    (2017)
  • Gartner hype cycle

    Gartner Inc.

    (2017)
  • S. Gibbs

    Elon Musk: artificial intelligence is our biggest existential threat

    (2014)
  • R. Cellan-Jones

    Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind

    (2014)
  • M. Purdy et al.

    Accenture Institute for High Performance: Why AI is the Future of Growth

    (2016)
  • Poole DL, Mackworth A, Goebel RG. Computational Intelligence and Knowledge. Computational Intelligence: A Logical...
  • J. Bughin et al.

    McKinsey Global Institute: Artificial Intelligence The Next Digital Frontier?

    (2017)
  • U Colorado OR Optimization 2017

  • Infusion Center Optimization 2017

  • K. Rupp

    Moore's Law: Transistors per microprocessor

  • Cited by (361)

    View all citing articles on Scopus

    One or more of the authors of this paper have disclosed potential or pertinent conflicts of interest, which may include receipt of payment, either direct or indirect, institutional support, or association with an entity in the biomedical field which may be perceived to have potential conflict of interest with this work. For full disclosure statements refer to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.067.

    View full text