Snowmass 2021 - Letter of InterestCosmology intertwined III: and
Section snippets
The tension
The standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmological model provides an excellent fit to current cosmological data. However, some statistically-significant tensions in cosmological parameter estimates emerged between the Planck experiment, measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, and other low-redshift cosmological probes. In addition to the long standing Hubble constant disagreement, a tension of the Planck data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys has been
Conjoined history problem
The disagreement is correlated with the problem. Indeed the solutions proposed to alleviate the former, are exacerbating the problem and, consequently, the tension between the CMB and the more direct measurements, such as galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect [26], [27], [28], i.e. measuring the number of clusters of a certain mass M over a range of redshift. For example, late time transitions that predict a higher value, if they match the CMB data, also prefer a
Solutions
There are many papers investigating the tension [22], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], but the solutions proposed are not enough to make all the cosmological data mutually consistent [69], [70], [71]. We can distinguish the following categories of solutions:
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Axion monodromy inflation [57].
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Extended parameter spaces [22], [38], [39], [41]
Future
In the near future, we expect percent-level measurements of the expansion and growth history from a large range of experiments, i.e. using maps of the Universe obtained by the Euclid satellite, measuring the peculiar motions of galaxies using Type Ia supernovae from LSST [84], [85], mapping out RSD with DESI and 4MOST, or using voids [36]. An important role will be played by the SKA telescopes performing BAO surveys and measuring weak gravitational lensing using 21 cm intensity mapping [86],
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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