Role of passive immunotherapies in managing infectious outbreaks☆
Introduction
Although the most common form of passive immunization is the transfer of maternal antibodies to the foetus via the placenta, the term is generally used to refer to the administration of horse or human antibodies to prevent or, occasionally treat, a specific infectious disease.
Section snippets
Products made in horses
The use of antisera is this manner dates from the late 19th century. After Roux and Yersin [1] had identified the diphtheria toxin, Behring and Kitasato [2] found that it was possible to protect susceptible individuals with specific antitoxin raised in horses. In the first half of the 20th century, prior to the availability of antibiotics and most vaccines, intramuscular administration of serum containing high titred antibody was the most effective way to prevent a variety of viral infections
Administered IM
Another product, human normal immunoglobulin, is prepared from the plasma of large numbers of regular donors. The antibody profile of HNIG varies from place to place and over time as it reflects the pattern of natural infection and the extent of immunization in the population from which it is generated. More recently some human or humanized monoclonal antibodies have become available.
Until the 1980’s and 90’s, human normal immunoglobulin was widely used to prevent epidemics of hepatitis A and
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Use of Immunoglobulins in the Prevention of Viral Infections
2020, Encyclopedia of Virology: Volume 1-5, Fourth EditionMolecular properties of human IgG subclasses and their implications for designing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against infectious diseases
2015, Molecular ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :An alternative approach is to use monoclonal antibodies that target relevant epitopes and that are designed with subclass backbones, which mediate the desired effector response. Monoclonal antibodies have the additional benefit of being standardised, can be mass-produced and have a low risk of contamination (Gust, 2012; Hemming, 2001). Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies might be particularly useful for applications such as dengue fever, where there are currently no licenced antiviral drugs or vaccines, and treatment is predominantly supportive.
Polyclonal hyper immunoglobulin: A proven treatment and prophylaxis platform for passive immunization to address existing and emerging diseases
2022, Human Vaccines and ImmunotherapeuticsAntibody immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy for influenza virus infection: Utilization of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies?
2018, Human Vaccines and ImmunotherapeuticsTherapeutic antibodies for infectious diseases
2017, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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This paper was presented at the IABS symposium on Blood Safety in Singapore on July 16, 2011.