Sphingomyelinase Disables Inactivation in Endogenous PIEZO1 Channels

Highlights

• SMPD3 sphingomyelinase enables long-lasting PIEZO1 activity in response to force

• Ceramide, a key lipid product of SMPD3, promotes long-lasting activity

• Sphingomyelin, the SMPD3 substrate, does not affect the duration of activity

• Sphingomyelin alters PIEZO1 force sensitivity

Summary

Endogenous PIEZO1 channels of native endothelium lack the hallmark inactivation often seen when these channels are overexpressed in cell lines. Because prior work showed that the force of shear stress activates sphingomyelinase in endothelium, we considered if sphingomyelinase is relevant to endogenous PIEZO1. Patch clamping was used to quantify PIEZO1-mediated signals in freshly isolated murine endothelium exposed to the mechanical forces caused by shear stress and membrane stretch. Neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors and genetic disruption of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) cause PIEZO1 to switch to profoundly inactivating behavior. Ceramide (a key product of SMPD3) rescues non-inactivating channel behavior. Its co-product, phosphoryl choline, has no effect. In contrast to ceramide, sphingomyelin (the SMPD3 substrate) does not affect inactivation but alters channel force sensitivity. The data suggest that sphingomyelinase activity, ceramide, and sphingomyelin are determinants of native PIEZO gating that enable sustained activity.