Brief reportIncreased serum pigment epithelium derived factor levels in Type 2 diabetes patients
Section snippets
Research design and methods
The study, which meets Declaration of Helsinki principles, was approved by Ethics Committees, and each participant gave written informed consent. Microvascular complications were defined as laser-treated retinopathy and/or increased albuminuria. Macrovascular disease was defined as clinically evident cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular disease. Blood was collected from 96 Type 2 diabetic and 54 non-diabetic subjects. Sixty-three diabetic and 32 non-diabetic subjects were
Results
Group characteristics and PEDF levels are shown in Table 1. PEDF levels were significantly increased in Type 2 diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. PEDF levels did not differ significantly by diabetes complication status, or by gender or smoking in either group. In Type 2 diabetes, PEDF levels correlated with BMI (r = 0.23, p = 0.024), serum creatinine (r = 0.30, p = 0.006) and LDL-cholesterol (r = −0.25, p = 0.025) concentrations, but not with age, HbA1c, CRP, triglycerides (including in
Discussion
We previously reported increased serum PEDF levels in Type 1 diabetic patients with microvascular complications vs. healthy subjects, but no increase in complication-free Type 1 diabetic subjects [2]. In contrast, in the present study, PEDF levels were increased in Type 2 diabetes per se, but did not differ by complications. Our findings differ from a cross-sectional Japanese Type 2 diabetes study in which PEDF levels were higher in men than in women, and in patients with proliferative
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgements
Authors thank OUHSC GCRC staff. Grant support was provided by the National Council for Research Resources grant (M01 RR-14467) to the OUHSC GCRC, the National Center For Research Resources COBRE grant (P20RR024215), NIH grants EY012231 and EY015650 (J.-X.M.), the American Diabetes Association (T.J.L. and J.-X.M.), JDRF (5-2007-793 and 18-2007-860 (S.X.Z.), and OCAST (S.X.Z. and J.-X.M.).
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These authors contributed equally.