Elsevier

Environmental Pollution

Volume 191, August 2014, Pages 258-259
Environmental Pollution

Response
Response to authors' reply regarding “Modeled PM2.5 removal by trees in ten U.S. cities and associated health effects” by Nowak et al. (2013)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.035Get rights and content

References (2)

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    Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States

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    The latter involves rehabilitation and reuse of built-up areas, vacant lands, and brownfields of the city (La Rosa et al., 2017), and has the advantage of providing environmental, ecological, and social benefits in compact settlements. However, regeneration projects are complex and need support via legislation, collaboration with public and private institutions, and community engagement to be implemented successfully (Sanches and Mesquita Pellegrino, 2016); furtherly, as stated by Whitlow et al. (2014), benefits provided by urban and peri-urban vegetation do not increase linearly with the amount of vegetation. Alongside urban trees, hedges also should be considered in urban planning, since they are more suitable for compact settlements than other UGI elements and have the potential to deliver a wide range of ESs (Blanusa et al., 2019).

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    Xing and Brimblecombe (2019) suggested that such studies would better compare the estimated financial benefits provided by vegetation to other pollutant removal options and also the overall health costs of air pollution for the entire city. The lack of comparison in current literature leads to a danger that these substantial values prioritise tree planting and divert attention from other alternatives in policy making (Whitlow et al., 2014a,b). The health benefits brought by the pollutant removal are believed, by some researchers, to explain the positive relation between provision of planted urban parks and parameters of health and well-being (Takano et al., 2002; Richardson and Mitchell, 2010) and reduced morbidity and mortality (Nowak et al., 2013; Nowak et al., 2018; TNC, 2016).

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    The accuracy and public policy usefulness of results from the modelling studies can, however, be argued, like any other model (Kumar et al., 2011), owing to the assumptions such as the use of relationships developed elsewhere to sites that vary in plant species, site characteristics, climatic and environmental conditions (Saebo et al., 2017). Others have noted concerns pertaining to the propagation of error and marginal magnitude of effect (Pataki et al., 2011; Whitlow et al., 2014). Importantly, citywide deposition modelling does not account for the heterogeneity of urban landscapes and other important mechanisms such as air dispersion, bVOC emissions, pollen production, and synergistic interactions between pollen and air pollution..

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